Table 4.
Risk factors of ICU admission for COVID-19 patients with non-DM.
| Univariable OR (95% CI) | P value | Multivariable OR (95% CI) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 1.07 (1.04-1.11) | <0.0001 | 1.05 (1.01-1.10) | 0.006 |
| Female sex (vs. male) | 0.45 (0.28-1.12) | 0.086 | .. | .. |
| Hypertension | 3.17 (1.31-7.69) | 0.011 | ||
| CVD | 3.98 (1.63-9.71) | 0.009 | ||
| Fever | 3.12 (0.90-10.88) | 0.073 | ||
| Nausea or vomiting | 2.75 (1.45-9.64) | 0.016 | ||
| Diarrhea | 7.78 (2.34-18.42) | 0.003 | 4.62 (2.01-9.36) | 0.022 |
| Respiratory rate ≥ 24 breaths per min | 7.66 (2.86-20.52) | <0.001 | 5.13 (1.18-16.82) | 0.035 |
| Lymphocyte count (×109/L) | .. | .. | ||
| ≤1.1 | 7.41 (2.78-19.78) | <0.0001 | 0.55 (0.19-2.75) | 0.465 |
| >1.1 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | ||
| Procalcitonin (ng/mL) | ||||
| ≤0.05 | 1 (ref) | |||
| 0.05-10 | 9.42 (1.17-15.92) | 0.015 | ||
| >10 | 12.31 (2.32-24.52) | 0.036 | ||
| CRP (mg/L) | ||||
| ≤10 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | .. | |
| >10 | 6.87 (2.06-17.29) | <0.0001 | 5.19 (1.37-13.25) | 0.009 |
| BNP (ng/L) | ||||
| ≤100 | 1 (ref) | |||
| >100 | 12.05 (3.71-47.04) | 0.003 | ||
| TNI (μg/L) | ||||
| ≤0.03 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | ||
| >0.03 | 16.15 (4.90-32.16) | <0.0001 | 6.48 (1.17-21.38) | 0.036 |
| Myoglobin (μg/L) | .. | .. | ||
| ≤106 | 1 (ref) | |||
| >106 | 8.22 (2.46-16.92) | 0.017 | ||
| Creatine kinase (U/L) | 1.004 (1.000-1.008) | 0.082 | .. | .. |
| ≤310 | 1 (ref) | |||
| >310 | 5.17 (1.42-13.58) | 0.036 | ||
| ALT (U/L) | ||||
| ≤50 | 1 (ref) | .. | ||
| >50 | 2.12 (0.66-6.79) | 0.028 | .. | … |
| AST (U/L) | ||||
| ≤40 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | .. | |
| >40 | 4.18 (2.12-13.19) | 0.002 | 3.58 (0.85-19.24) | 0.075 |
Abbreviations: OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; CVD: cardiovascular disease; CRP: C-reactive protein; BNP: brain natriuretic peptide; TNI: troponin I; ALT: alanine transaminase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase.