Table 1.

Mental workflow for diagnosing three cases of congenital heart disease.

CHDa case	Designed tasks	Mental workflow
ASDb	Recognition of primum-type ASD vs secundum-type ASD	Recognize atrial septal defect. Recognize location of atrioventricular valves. Identify primum ASD that is immediately superior to atrioventricular valves OR secundum ASD that is central to atrial septum.
CoAc	Recognition of unrepaired CoA vs repaired CoA with gothic arch	Recognize aortic arch regions: ascending aorta, transverse arch, descending aorta. Recognize normal head vessel anatomy and area immediately distal to left subclavian artery (aortic isthmus). Identify the pathological narrowing of aortic isthmus as CoA OR identify gothic arch shape in repaired CoA, which has a larger height to transverse ratio (taller height than width).
MAPCAd	Identify number of aortopulmonary collaterals and their respective takeoff points	Recognize aortic arch regions: ascending aorta, transverse arch, descending aorta. Recognize normal head vessel anatomy. Identify pathological aortopulmonary collateral. Identify the origin of each respective aortopulmonary collateral with respect to arch region throughout the heart.

^aCHD: congenital heart disease.

^bASD: atrial septal defect.

^cCoA: coarctation of aorta.

^dMAPCA: major aortopulmonary collateral artery.