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. 2020 Dec 9;11:610096. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.610096

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Copyright © 2020 Iyoda, Fujita and Fukai

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Schematic illustration of the β1 integrin activation induced by TNIIIA2. Integrin heterodimer containing β1 integrin in inactive form is shown in left side. Accompanied with the release of TNIIIA2 region from TN-C by proteolysis, TN-C fragment containing TNIIIA2 region forms complex with cell surface syndecan-4 through heparan sulfate chain. Then, conformation change of β1 integrin to active form will be occurred by lateral interaction of formed TNIIIA2/syndecan-4 complex with β1 integrin (right side). Representative image of enhanced cell adhesion induced by p-TNIIIA2 addition is shown in upper part.