TABLE 2.

A selection of in vivo studies using therapeutic MSCs with described pathology, source of MSCs, delivery route and outcomes.

Pathology	MSC source	Delivery route	Results/mediators observed	Citation
Acute lung injury	mBM-MSC	Intratracheal	↓neutrophils, NOS2, ↑Ym1, Arg1	Ionescu et al., 2012
Allergan-induced inflammation	mBM-MSC	IV	↓total cell count, IL-4, IL-13,IL-17 in BAL, ↓eosinophils, neutrophils in airway, ↑MSC in lungs	Xu et al., 2015
Asthma	mBM-MSC	IV	↑MSC in airways, ex vivo ↓IL-6, IL-1β, NOS2	Cui et al., 2020
Atherosclerosis	mBM-MSC	IV	↑Tregs, TGFβ, IL-10	Wang et al., 2015
Cardiomyopathy	mMSC-Exos	IV	↓apoptosis cardiomyocytes ↓M1, IL-1, IL-6, TNFα	Sun et al., 2018
Colitis	hUC MSC-Exos	IV	↓TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, ↑IL-10	Mao et al., 2017
Colitis	canine ADMSCs	IP	↑TSG-6, IL-10, M2 ↓TNFα, IL-6,	Song et al., 2018
Collagen-induced arthritis	mBM-MSC	IV	↓serum TNFα, IL-1β	Luz-Crawford et al., 2016
Corneal allotransplantation	hBM-MSC	Peritransplant IV	↓IL-6, IL-1β, IL-12, ↓actn APCs, ↑TSG-6	Oh et al., 2012
Corneal injury	mBM-MSC	IV	↓IL-1β, inflam cell infiltration	Amouzegar et al., 2017
Cutaneous wound	hUC-MSC-Exo	Injected into wound	↓inflam cell infiltration, TLR4, p-P65, M1	Ti et al., 2015
Dermal injury	mBM-MSC	IV	↑transdifferentiation to skin cells	Sasaki et al., 2008
Dust mite asthma	mBM-MSC	IV	↑M2, IL-10, TGFβ1, ↓IL-6, MSCs only in M2s.	Braza et al., 2016
E. coli pneumonia	hBM-MSC	IV/intranasal	↓MIP-1α, MIP-1β, IL-27, IL-6, TNFα, ↑phagocytosis	Jackson et al., 2016
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis	hUCMSC	IV	↓IL-1β, IFNγ, IL-17, ↑PD-L1, IGF-2	Du et al., 2019
GvHD	hBM-MSC	IP	↓GvHD effector T cells	Galleu et al., 2017
Intracerebral hemorrhage	rBM-MSC	IV	↓apoptosis, TMΦ, neutrophils, iNOS, MMP-9	Chen et al., 2015
Ischemia-reperfusion injury	Cardiac MSC	Intracardiac injection	↑CCR2+, CXCR1 + TMΦ,	Vagnozzi et al., 2020
Kidney ischemia-reperfusion	mBM-MSC	IV	↑MCP-1, MIP1α, IL-1β, 1L-10, TGFβ	Luk et al., 2016
LPS-induced abortion	mBM-MSC	IP	↓TNFα, IFNγ, IL-1β, IL-27, IL-6, ↑TSG-6	Li et al., 2019
Lung injury	mBM-MSC	IV	↓TNFα, IL1-RA	Ortiz et al., 2007
Lung injury	hBM-MSC	IV	↓neutrophils, ↑IL10, KGF	Devaney et al., 2015
Lung injury	hADMSC-Exo	IV, intratracheal	↓neutrophils in BAL, NFκβ, ↑IL-10, Arg1, miR-27a-3p in alveolar TMΦ	Wang et al., 2020
Myocardial infarction	hBM-MSC/hUC-MSC	IV	↓IL-1β, IL-6, apop cardiomyocytes, ↑IL-10, CD206+	Dayan et al., 2011
Osteoarthritis	hBM-MSC-CM	Intra-articular	↓MMP-13/TIMP-1, ↑autophagy chondrocytes	Chen et al., 2019
Retinal inflammation	hBM-MSC	IV	↓CD3+ cells ↑Treg	Ko et al., 2020
Retinal injury	mADMSC-Exos	Intravitreal	↓apoptosis, MCP-1, MΨ infiltration	Yu et al., 2016a
Sepsis	mBM-MSC	IV	↓TNFα, IL-6, ↑IL-10	Nemeth et al., 2009
Sepsis	Apoptotic rADMSC	IP	↓TNFα, MMP-9, NFκβ	Chang et al., 2012
Spinal cord injury	rMSC-Exos	IV	Exos in CD206 + Mψ only	Lankford et al., 2018
Spinal cord injury	hBM-MSC	Injected into injury	↑IL-4, IL-13, M2 TMΦ, ↓TNFα, IL-6, M1 TMΦ	Nakajima et al., 2012
Spinal cord injury	Dental pulp MSC-CM	Injected into injury	↑TGFβ, VEGF, CD206+, MCP-1, ED-Siglec 9,	Matsubara et al., 2015
Traumatic brain injury	hBM-MSC	IV	↑TIMP-3, ↓VEGF-A, blood brain barrier permeability	Menge et al., 2012