Table 1.

Nanomaterial-modified electrochemical sensors for detection of DA in living cells

Materials	Methods	Cell line	Linear range [µM]	LOD [nM]	Ref.
Reduced graphene oxide, platinum nanoparticles	CV, DPV	PC 12	0.087–100	5	[51]
Nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon nanosheets	CV, AM	PC 12	0.001–500	10	[52]
Reduced graphene oxide, Zn-NiAl layered double hydroxide	CV, DPV	SH-SY5Y	–	0.1	[53]
Carbon nanotube, Polypyrrole, sodium dodecyl sulphate	CV, AM DPV	PC 12	0.005–10	0.136	[54]
Carbon nanotube, AgAu nanoparticles	CV, AM	PC 12	0.003–2300	0.23	[55]
Carbon nanotube, Graphene quantum dots	CV, AM	PC 12	0.005–100	0.87	[56]
Carbon fibre, gold	CV, AM	PC 12	–	–	[57]
Nanocone-shaped 3D gold structures	CV, AM	PC 12	1–43	184	[58]
Micro pyramid-shaped 3D gold structures	CV, AM	SH-SY5Y	0.01–500	0.5 ± 0.08	[59]
FePt-Fe₃O₄ Nanoparticles	CV, AM, DPV	PC 12	0.005–0.11	1	[60]
Mesoporous Fe₃O₄	CV, AM, DPV	PC 12	0.002–0.6	0.8	[61]
Mesoporous ZnFe₂O₄	CV, AM, DPV	PC 12	0.002–0.6	0.4	[62]
MXene-micropatterned field-effect transistors	Conductivity variation, AM	Hippocampal neurons	50–2000	100	[63]
Nafion™ film-coated carbon nanotube-based field-effect transistors	Conductivity variation, AM	PC 12	0.01–100	10	[64]
Polypyrrole nanotube/Aptamer-based liquid-ion gated field-effect transistors	AM	PC 12	0.0001–s10	0.1	[65]