Table 2.
Comparison of baseline characteristics of COVID-19 cases and controls.
| COVID-19 cases | Control cases | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex (male/female) | 14/4 | 49/18 | 0.77 |
| Median age (range) | 65 years (9–82) | 64 (19–86) | 0.98 |
| Indication for ERCP | 0.99 | ||
| CBD stones | 8/18 | 30/67 | |
| Distal malignant stricture | 2/18 | 8/67 | |
| Hilar malignant stricture | 3/18 | 12/67 | |
| Bile leak | 0/18 | 0/67 | |
| Benign CBD stricture | 2/18 | 8/67 | |
| Other | 3/18 | 9/67 | |
| Median bilirubin levels (range) | 3.7 mg/dl (0.3–25) | 1.6 mg/dl (0.1–28.7) | 0.28 |
| Native papilla anatomy | 13/18 | 44/67 | 0.77 |
| Type of sedation used | |||
| GE-directed sedation | 1/18 | 11/67 | 0.44 |
| A-directed sedation | 8/18 | 30/67 | |
| General anesthesia | 9/18 | 26/67 | |
| Median ASA score * | III | III | 0.75 |
| Technical difficulty of the procedure | |||
| Grade I | 9/18 | 38/67 | 0.87 |
| Grade II | 7/18 | 23/67 | |
| Grade III | 2/18 | 6/67 | |
*
ASA score was available in all COVID-19 cases but only 25/67 control cases (data not captured in all electronic medical records).
A, anesthesiologist; ASA score, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status score; CBD, common bile duct; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; ERCP, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; GE, gastroenterologist.