Table 1.

Variables, constructs, and psychometric properties of LEON survey scales

Variable	Construct	Scale/measure	Measurement	Scoring	Reliability	Validity
Independent	1. Resonant leadership	Resonant leadership scale (Estabrooks et al., 2009)	10 items measuring components of resonant leadership	Likert scale (1–5) for each item. Means of those who answered (1)– (5) used as resonant leadership score	High internal consistency for total scale α = 0.95	Face/content validity Correlations between variables above 0.5, most above 0.6.
Independent	2. Leader–member exchange	Leader–member Exchange (LMX‐7) Graen and Uhl‐Bien (1995)	7 items measuring the satisfaction of employees with their relationship with their supervisor	Likert scale (1–5) for each item	Internal consistency from the member's perspective (α = 0.89)	Reported to have predictive validity
Independent	3. Perceived Organisation Support	Perception of Organisational Support (POS) (Eisenberger et al., 1997)	8 items measuring perception of organizational support	Likert scale (7–1) for each item	High internal reliability α = 0.90 and goodness of fit α = 0.94	Reported to have discriminant validity
Independent	4. Work Engagement	Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES) (Schaufeli et al., 2006)	9 items measuring three factors of work engagement; vigour, dedication, and absorption	Likert scale (0–6) for each item	High internal reliability α = 0.89–0.97	Factorial validity variances between countries for and internal consistency (α = 0.60 to 0.88, respectively, median = 0.77).
Dependant	5. Perception of unit care quality	Perceptions of unit care quality Aiken et al. (2001) and Aiken et al. (2002)	4 items measuring perceptions of care on their unit	Likert scale (1–4) for 3 items and 1–3 for 1 item		Not reported
Marker	6. Willingness to try new food products DSI	Willingness to try new food products; DSI scale Goldsmith and Hofacker (1991) adapted by Barcellos et al. (2009)	6 items	Likert scale (1–5) for each item	Good reliability in Brazil (α = 0.80) and in the UK (α = 0.78).	Reported to have predictive validity
Dependant	7. Patient safety	Falls (Purdy et al., 2010)	Number of falls recorded by the institution	Number per 1,000 bed days
Dependant	8. Patient satisfaction	Friends and Family Test (Department of Health, 2013).	1 item measuring likelihood to recommend for similar care or treatment	Percentage of promoters (score 5) over detractors (scores 1 & 2) across a 5‐point scale.