Table 4.
Direct and indirect effect estimates. (a) Direct effect estimates. (b) Indirect effect of Resonant Leadership on Friends and Family Test through POS, QUAL, and FALLS
| (a) Structural paths | Unstandardized estimate | p |
|---|---|---|
| H2: Resonant leadership → Perception of Unit Care Quality | 0.411 | 0.000*** |
| H3: Resonant leadership → Leader–Member Exchange | 1.153 | 0.000*** |
| H4: Resonant leadership → Perceived Organization Support | 1.249 | 0.000*** |
| H5: Perceived Organization Support → Work Engagement | 0.262 | 0.000*** |
| H6: Resonant leadership → Work Engagement | −0.302 | 0.033* |
| H7: Leader–Member Exchange → Work Engagement | 0.481 | 0.000*** |
| H8: Work Engagement → Perception of Unit Care Quality | 0.209 | 0.000*** |
| H9: Resonant leadership → Friends and Family Test | 4.968 | 0.001** |
| H11: Work Engagement → Friends and Family Test | −2.201 | 0.034* |
| H12: Perception of Unit Care Quality → Falls | −0.771 | 0.023* |
| H13: Falls → Friends and Family Test | −1.273 | 0.000*** |
| (b) Path | Effect (boot SE) | 95% boot | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lower CI | Upper CCI | ||
| RES → POS →PUCQ → FALLS →FFT | −0.161 (0.115) | −0.481 | −0.003 |
| RES → POS →ENG → PUCQ →FALLS → FFT | 0.079 (0.056) | 0.002 | 0.242 |
| RES → LMX →ENG → PUCQ →FALLS → FFT | 0.140 (0.106) | 0.003 | 0.451 |
| RES → PUCQ →FALLS → FFT | 0.463 (0.318) | 0.004 | 1.294 |
Bootstrap standard errors in parentheses. Bootstrap sample size = 10,000.
Abbreviations: ENG, Work Engagement; FFT, Friends and Family Test; LMX, Leader–Member Exchange; lower CI, lower confidence interval; POS, Perception of Organisation Support; QUAL, Unit Care Quality; RES, Resonant Leadership; SE, standard error; Unstandardized regression coefficients are reported; upper CI, upper confidence interval.
*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.