Table 1. Characteristics of the Sample.
| Characteristic | Participants, No. (%) | Test statistic (χ2 or F) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TBI (n = 69) | Control (n = 70) | |||
| Age, mean (SD), y | 50.0 (10.3) | 49.9 (11.9) | 0.001a | .97 |
| Women | 7 (10.1) | 15 (21.4) | 3.32b | .07 |
| Education level, mean (SD)c | 6.7 (1.8) | 6.8 (1.8) | 0.12a | .73 |
| Hypertension | 25 (36) | 27 (39) | 0.08b | .78 |
| Diabetes | 13 (19) | 12 (17) | 0.07b | .80 |
| Hazardous drinking or alcohol use disorder | 26 (38) | 22 (31) | 0.61b | .44 |
| Posttraumatic stress disorder | 6 (9) | 4 (6) | 0.46b | .50 |
| TBI severity score, mean (SD) | 2.3 (2.7) | NA | NA | NA |
Abbreviations: NA, not applicable; TBI, traumatic brain injury.
a
F test was used for numeric variables.
b
χ2 test was used for categorical variables.
c
Education level was coded as follows: 1 = less than 8 years, 2 = some high school, 3 = graduated high school, 4 = general education diploma, 5 = work toward associate’s degree, 6 = completed associate’s degree, 7 = work toward bachelor’s degree, 8 = completed bachelor’s degree or higher, 9 = other.