Table 1.

Summary of Hammett sigma constants and calculated TOF values under 450 mV overpotential of bare NiO and all molecule modified NiO samples on GCE.

Sample	Hammett parameter	TOF [s−1]
NiO−C6H4OMe	−0.27	0.008
NiO	0	0.010
NiO−C6H4CO2H[a]	0	0.013
NiO−C6H3Cl2	0.74	0.020
NiO−C6H4NO2	0.78	0.028
NiO−C6F5	0.98	0.035

[a] The −C₆H₄CO₂H group is deprotonated under alkaline conditions (−C₆H₄CO₂ ⁻), behaving as electron‐neutral property.