FIGURE 3.

Mean (95% CI) and individual values of the metabolic heat production ($\dot{M}$) sensitivity (a) and shivering thresholds (b) obtained during the three successive cold‐water (20°C) immersions (CWI_A: 1st trial, CWI_B: 2nd trial, CWI_C: 3rd trial) performed in normoxia and hypoxia. Number of subjects that exhibited a shivering response in normoxia: CWI_A, 10; CWI_B, 9; CWI_C, 9; and in hypoxia: CWI_A, 10; CWI_B, 11; CWI_C, 9. $\dot{M}$ sensitivity was calculated for the last 60 min of each immersion (CWI_L‐60). ΔT _rec: changes in rectal temperature relative to baseline values. Significant difference † between CWI_A and CWI_C, and * between the normoxic and hypoxic CWI_C