TABLE 1.
Literature survey on impact of D-dimer levels on mortality in adult COVID-19 patients.
| Study no. | Author and reference | N | Mortality/Prevalence | Predicted D-dimer levels for mortality |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | (Zhang et al., 2020) | 343 | 13 deaths from 67 with high D-dimer. Patients with D-dimer levels ≥2.0 µg/mL had a higher incidence of mortality | 2 ug/ml |
| 2 | (Leonard-Lorant et al., 2020) | 106 | 75% more ICU admission with high D-dimer levels. A D-dimer threshold of 2660 µg/L detected all patients with pulmonary embolus on chest CT. | 2.660 ug/ml |
| 3 | (Gao et al., 2020) | 43 | 3 fold increased deaths. The mild and severe group had D-dimer levels of 0.28 and 0.750 µg/L, respectively. | Highest detection accuracy of severity was achieved when IL‐6 was over 24.3 pg/mL and D-dimer was over 0.28 µg/L. |
| 4 | (Zhou et al., 2020) | 191 | 81% with higher D-dimer levels had deaths (from 57 deaths) | Multivariant regression analysis demonstrated that increasing odds of in-hospital death is associated with older age, higher sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, and D-dimer greater than 1 μg/mL on admission. 1 ug/ml |
| 5 | (Cui et al., 2020) | 81 | Patients with D-dimer level of ≥1.5 ug/ml had higher incidence of venous thromboembolism. 25% incidence of deaths | The incidence of venous thromboembolism in these patients was 25% (20/81), of which 8 patients with VTE events died. If 1.5 µg/mL was used as the D-dimer cut-off value to predict VTE, the sensitivity and specificity was 85.0% and 88.5%, respectively. 1.5 ug/ml as cut-off for predicting VTE. |
| 6 | (Chen et al., 2020) | 99 | 36% increase in patients with pneumonia when D-dimer levels as >1.5 ug/ml. | 1.5ug/ml as threshold for increase in pneumonia |
| 7 | (Chen et al., 2020) | 799 | 35% death with increased levels in 97 deaths | Thirty four (35%) of 97 deceased patients and only three (2%) of 150 recovered patients had D-dimer concentrations above 2.1 μg/mL. |
| 8 | (Levi et al., 2020) | 1099 | 46% didn’t survive | >2.12 mg/l |
| 9 | (Tang et al., 2020) | 183 | 11.5% mortality with high D-dimer (1-3 ug/ml) 18% mortality with didimer >3 ug/ml | >3 ug/ml |
| 10 | (Huang et al., 2020) | 41 | Higher D-dimer levels in ICU patients (13 out of 41 patients) | 2.4 ug/ml |
| 11 | (Wang et al., 2020) | 1099 | 59.6% severe cases (65 out of 109 patients) with high D-dimer levels | The median for D-dimer level in ICU patients was 4.14ug/ml and in non-ICU patients was 1.66 ug/ml > 1.66 ug/ml |