TABLE 3.

Factors associated with animal-level seroprevalence of antibodies against Trypanosoma evansi for dromedary camel populations of southeastern Algeria.

Factor	Category	Number of herds	Serum T. evansi antibodies				p*
			Positive		Negative
			n	%	n	%
Geographic location (district)	Ouargla	21	9	42.9	12	57.1	0.004*
	Biskra	15	12	80.0	3	20.0
	El-Oued	28	23	82.1	5	17.9
	Ghardaia	18	16	88.9	2	11.1
Contact with other camel herds	Yes	75	55	73.3	20	26.7	0.902
	No	7	5	71.4	2	28.6
Husbandry system	Extensive	53	34	64.2	19	35.8	0.038*
	Semi-intensive	16	15	93.7	1	6.3
	Intensive	13	11	84.6	2	15.4
Divagation	Yes	36	28	77.8	8	22.2	0.405
	No	46	32	69.6	14	30.4
History of abortion	Yes	27	25	92.6	2	7.4	0.005*
	No	55	35	63.6	20	36.4
Introduction of purchased animals	Yes	44	33	75.0	11	25.0	0.687
	No	38	27	71.1	11	28.9
Watering type	Artificial wells	43	26	60.5	17	39.5	0.006*
	Lakes and streams	39	34	87.2	5	12.8
Contact with sheep and goats	Yes	32	23	71.9	9	28.1	0.832
	No	50	37	74.0	13	26.0
Accessibility to natural water sources	Yes	50	41	82.0	9	18.0	0.024*
	No	32	19	59.4	13	40.6
Educational level of farmer	Primary education	32	21	56.6	11	34.4	0.467
	Illiterate	41	32	78.0	9	22.0
	University	9	7	77.8	2	22.2

Note: An increase in herd size was associated with an increase in seropositivity (p < 0.001).

^*, Univariate analyses (χ² test for significance).