TABLE 4.

Investigated correlations with IP in NAFLD patients

Author	IP Test	Type analysis	Group	Association between IP and clinical variable
Hendy et al	Serum Zonulin	Pearson correlation	56 NAFLD	BMI (r = .378), ALT (r = .312), triglycerides (r = .296), HDL‐C (r = −.397), HOMA‐IR (r = .413), serum IL‐6 (r = .288).
Pacifico et al	Serum Zonulin	linear regression adjusted for age, gender and pubertal status	Total group ‐ 40 HC ‐ 40 NAFLD	‐ γ‐GT (β = 0.229), 2 h insulin (β = 0.340), WIBSI (β = −0.236)
Guercio Nuzio et al	L/M (5 h)	Pearson correlation	Total group ‐ 11 NAFLD ‐ 21 HC	Serum LPS (r = .48)
Nobili et al	L/M (5h)	Univariable linear regression	80 NAFLD	Systolic blood pressure (β = 0.196), Plasma LPS (β = 0.296).

Abbreviations: L/M, lactulose mannitol ratio; NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; HC, healthy control, BMI, body mass index; HDL‐C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; ALT, alanine transaminase; HOMA‐IR, homeostasis model of assessment‐insulin resistance; γ‐GTP, gamma‐glutamyl transpeptidase; WIBSI, whole body insulin sensitivity; LPS, lipopolysaccharide.