TABLE 2.
TCM herbal drugs with their proportion in the formula before decoction, their botanical name and pharmacopoeial markers.
| Code | Herbs | Family | Plant part | Proportion (w/w) | Marker compound | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels | Apiaceae | Roots | 3.4% | Ligustilide (CPh) | Jin et al. (2012), Ma et al. (2015) |
| trans-Ferulic acid (Ph.Eur.) | ||||||
| C | Chrysanthemum indicum L. | Asteraceae | Flowers | 6.9% | Chlorogenic acid (ChP) | Luyen et al. (2015) |
| Luteolin (JP) | ||||||
| G | Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. | Fabaceae | Roots | 3.4% | Uralsaponin (ChP, Ph.Eur.) | Wang et al. (2013) |
| I | Isatis tinctoria L. | Brassicaceae | Leaves | 6.9% | Indican (ChP) | Mohn et al. (2009) |
| Arginine (Ph.Eur.) | ||||||
| O | Oldenlandia diffusa (Willd.) Roxb. | Rubiaceae | Entire plant | 20.7% | Oleanolic acid (ChP) | Chen et al. (2016) |
| PO | Reynoutria japonica Houtt. (synonym Polygonum cuspidatum Siebold & Zucc.) | Polygonaceae | Rhizomes | 10.3% | Emodin (ChP) | Peng et al. (2013) |
| PR | Prunella vulgaris L. | Lamiaceae | Fruiting tops | 13.8% | Ursolic acid (ChP, Ph.Eur.) | Bai et al. (2016) |
| SC | Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi | Lamiaceae | Roots | 6.9% | Baicalin (ChP, Ph.Eur.) | Karimov and Botirov (2017) |
| SM | Smilax glabra Roxb. | Smilacaceae | Rhizomes | 20.7% | Octacosanol, astilbin (ChP) | Hua et al. (2018) |
| SO | Sophora flavescens Aiton | Fabaceae | Roots | 6.9% | Matrine (ChP) | He et al. (2015) |
ChP, Chinese Pharmacopoeia; Ph.Eur., European Pharmacopoeia; JP, Japanese Pharmacopoeia.