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. 2021 Jan 1;17(1):163–177. doi: 10.7150/ijbs.53671

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Exosomes for biomedical application. The contants of exosomes obtained from body fluids can be analysed to identify certain condition biomarkers for disease prognosis and diagnosis. Additionally, the exosomes can be modified to contain specific cargoes through bioengineering of exosomes: 1) exosomes can be loaded with chemical drugs for carrier-assisted delivery; 2) exosomes can be targeted by the addition of a specific PTM motif for engineered therapeutic proteins; 3) small interference RNAs can be performed to incorporate inside exosomes therapeutic.