Table 6.
Summary of Reported Evaporation (E), Latent Heat (LE), and Lake Characteristics Based on Eddy‐Covariance (EC) Measurements
| Lake | Latitude | Area (km2) | Depth (m) | Flux measurement period | EC height (m) | Min offshore/fetch (km) | Min hourly LE (W m−2) | Max hourly LE (W m−2) | Mean hourly LE (W m−2) | Min daily E (mm day−1) | Max daily E (mm d−1) | Daily E (mm day−1) | Annual E (mm year−1) | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Great Slave Lake, Canada | 61.92°N | 27200 | 41 |
24 Jul to 10 Sep 1997 22 Jun to 26 Sep 1998 |
6.9 |
12 12 |
−2.0 a −3.9 a |
6.0 a 9.4 a |
1.06 1.33 |
386 b 485 b |
Blanken et al. (2000) | |||
| 12 Jun to 15 Dec 1999 | 12 | 1.82 b | 417 b | |||||||||||
| Ross Barnett Reservoir, USA | 32.44°N | 130 | 5 | 1 Sep 2007 to 31 Jan 2008 | 4 | 2 | 80 | 1.4c | 3.9 c | 399 b | Liu et al. (2009) | |||
| 2 | Liu et al. (2012) | |||||||||||||
| Valkea‐Kotinen Lake, Finland | 61.14°N | 0.041 | 2.5 | Apr–Oct 2005–2008 | 1.5 | 0.035 | 2 | 120 | 120 | Nordbo et al. (2011) | ||||
| Apr–Nov 2003 | 0.035 | Vesala et al. (2006) | ||||||||||||
| Lake Superior, USA | 47.18°N | 82100 | 5 |
Oct 2008 to 30 Sept 2009 1 Oct1 2009 to 30 Sept 2010 1 Jun 2008 to 2 Apr 2012 |
32.4 | 39 |
552 |
2.05 |
1.27 1.77 1.90 |
464 645 749 |
Blanken et al. (2011) Spence et al. (2013) |
|||
| Lake Erie, USA‐CB site | 41.72°N | 25700 | 4.8 | Sep 2011 to May 2016 | 15 | 4 | 10 c | 100 c | 48 | 0.28 c | 3.87 c | 1.74 | 634 | This study |
| Lake Erie, USA‐LI site | 41.83°N | 25700 | 7.5 | Sep 2011 to May 2016 | 15 | 12 | 11 c | 115 c | 50 | 0.20 c | 4.05 c | 1.65 | 604 |
Note. Blanks = data not available.
a
Estimated value from their figures.
b
The results were from the measurement periods.
c
Monthly mean values.