Table 3.
Statin use and clinical outcomes (tracheal intubation or mortality) in diabetes patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
| Reference | Country | Type of study | Patients (total n) | Mean age (years) |
Statin (n/N) |
No statin (n/N) |
HR (95% CI) | P | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cariou et al. [14] (type 2 diabetes patients) | France | Retrospective, multicentre, hospitalized patients | 2449 | 70.9 | 355/1192 (29.8%), 431/1192 (36.2%) |
339/1257 (27.0%), 425/1257 (33.8%) |
1.38 (1.04–1.83) after IPTW, 1.22 (0.98–1.58) after IPTW |
P = 0.1338, P = 0.2191 |
7-day tracheal intubation and/or death (primary outcome), 28-day primary outcome |
| 220/1192 (18.5%), 229/1192 (19.2%) |
235/1257 (18.7%), 248/1257 (19.7%) |
1.18 (0.86–1.61) after IPTW, 1.13 (0.83–1.53) after IPTW |
P = NA, P = NA |
7-day tracheal intubation, 28-day tracheal intubation |
|||||
| 153/1192 (12.8%), 285/1192 (23.9%) |
123/1257 (9.8%), 229/1257 (18.2%) |
1.74 (1.13–2.65) after IPTW, 1.46 (1.08–1.95) after IPTW |
P = 0.02, P < 0.001 |
7-day mortality, 28-day mortality |
|||||
| Saeed et al. [15] (diabetes patients) | USA | Retrospective, single-centre, hospitalized patients | 2266 | 68.0 | 236/983 (24%) |
500/1283 (39%) |
0.51 (0.43–0.61), multivariable, adjusted, 0.88 (0.84–0.91) after IPTW |
P < 0.001, P < 0.001 |
In-hospital mortality |
| Holman et al. [17] (type 2 diabetes patients) | UK | Population-based cohort | 2,874,020 | 67.5 | 7355/ 2,099,505 (3.5%) |
3086/752,245 (4.1%) |
0.72 (0.69–0.75) adjusted for demographic/clinical characteristics |
P < 0.0001 | Covid-19-related death (no focus on hospital) |
| Holman et al. [17] (type 1 diabetes patients) | UK | Population-based cohort | 264,390 | 46.6 | 338/118,995 (2.7%) |
120/142,710 (0.8%) |
0.82 (0.65–1.03) adjusted for demographic/clinical characteristics |
P = 0.081 | Covid-19-related death (no focus on hospital) |
n/N, number of deaths/number of patients; HR, hazard ratio; CI: confidence interval; IPTW, inverse probability of treatment weighting (with logistic regression analysis after propensity score-matching); NA, not available.