Figure 3.

Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) intensive strategy perspectives in younger patients. Standard treatments are in regular small captions, putative investigated treatments are in italics. Standard chemotherapy could be combined with targeted drug inhibitors (targeted inhibitor), such as FLT3 inhibitors or targeted chemotherapeutic agents such as CD33-conjugated antibodies. In the case of first complete response (CR1), intermediate and high-risk patients with or without maintenance therapy are subjected to consolidation via chemotherapy, with or without targeted drug inhibitors, such FLT3 inhibitors, followed by allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT). In the case of primary refractory AML, salvage therapy may be improved via chemotherapy by the addition of a hypomethylated agent (HMA), targeted inhibitors, targeted-drug immunotherapy (immunotherapy) or chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells, followed by ASCT. Measurable residual disease or low burden relapse may be treated with HMA or a donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) in case of ASCT, and improved through the addition or the single use of a target inhibitor, immunotherapy or transgenic T-cell receptor (tgTCR) T-cells. Relapses with greater AML burden may be treated via chemotherapy and improved via the addition or single use of a targeted inhibitor, immunotherapy, or CAR T-cells. Next, ASCT following chemotherapy, single or several targeted therapy regimens depending on the response or CAR T-cells may be performed. Consolidation with or without maintenance may also be performed using HMA, donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) in case of ASCT, or targeted therapy.