Table 1.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics
| R (n = 20) | NR (n = 15) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 42.8 (3.3) | 47.3 (3.0) | 0.3a |
| Sex ratio, M/F | 12/8 | 8/7 | 0.7b |
| Duration of epilepsy, years | 30.3 ± 3.3 | 32.3 ± 3.2 | 0.7a |
| Type of epilepsy, n (%) | |||
| Generalized | 8 (40) | 3 (20) | 0.3c |
| Focal | 12 (60) | 12 (80) | 0.3c |
| Abnormal brain imaging, n (%) | 8 (40) | 9 (60) | 0.3c |
| Pathology, n (%) | |||
| Vascular | 2 (10) | 3 (20) | 0.7b |
| Tumor | 1 (5) | 2 (13) | 1b |
| Mesial temporal sclerosis | 1 (5) | 1 (7) | 1b |
| Cortical malformation | 4 (20) | 3 (20) | 1b |
| Postinfectious | 0 | 1 (7) | 0.9b |
| Lennox Gastaut | 2 (10) | 2 (13) | 1b |
| Antiepileptic medication | |||
| Number | 3.1 ± 0.9 | 3.3 ± 0.8 | 0.7c |
| Type | LMT: 35%, VPA: 35%, CM: 25%, LTG: 25%, LVT: 20%, OXC: 20%, ZNS: 20%, TMP: 15%, CBZ: 10%, RFM: 5% PHB: 5% | LMT: 53%, CBZ: 40%, VPA: 33%, TMP: 27%, LCM: 20%, LVT: 20% PER: 20%, LTG: 13%, PHT: 13%, OXC: 7%, FBM:7%, VBA: 7% | |
| Benzodiazepine, % | 40 | 35 | 0.5c |
| VNS parameters | |||
| Intensity, mA | 1.8 ± 0.1 | 1.6 ± 0.1 | 0.07a |
| Frequency, Hz | 24 ± 1.1 | 24 ± 1.2 | 0.7a |
| Width pulse, μs | 285 ± 21 | 267 ± 17 | 0.8a |
| Cycle ON, sec/OFF, min | 30/3.7 | 29/3.4 | 0.4b |
Continuous variables are indicated by mean ± standard deviation.
a
p-Value calculated using the Mann–Whitney test.
b
Chi-squared test.
c
Fisher's exact test.
CBZ, carbamazepine; FBM, felbamate; LCM, lacosamide; LTG, lamotrigine; LVT, levetiracetam; NR, nonresponders; OXC, oxcarbamazepine; PER, perampanel; PHB, phenobarbital; PHT, phenytoin; R, responders; RFM, rufinamide; TMP, topiramate; VBA, vigabatrin; VPA, valproic acid; ZNS, zonisamide.