Table 1.

Demographic Characteristics of Study Population

	Participants with	Participants with
	Vision Impairment (n = 62)	Normal Vision (n = 40)	P (df)a
Age (y), mean (SD)	13.3 (3.0)	13.3 (2.6)	0.99 (100)
Gender, n (% male)	40 (64.5)	20 (50.0)	0.15 (1)
Race, n (%)			0.7
White	42 (67.7)	30 (75)
Black	15 (24.2)	8 (20.0)
Other	5 (8.1)	2 (5.0)
Premature birth, n (%)	7 (11.3)	5 (12.5)	1.0
Screening Intelligence Total Standard Score, mean (SD)	107.9 (14.5)	106.3 (12.4)	0.6 (100)
School setting, n (%)			0.01*
Public	38 (61.3)	30 (75.0)
Private	10 (16.1)	2 (5.0)
Homeschool	5 (8.1)	8 (20.0)
School for the blind	9 (14.5)	0 (0.0)
Receives special services at school, n (%)			<0.01*
No service or accommodations	3 (4.8)	40 (100.0)
Accommodations but no direct services	30 (48.4)	0 (0.0)
Direct services of non-vision specialist	3 (4.8)	0 (0.0)
Direct services of teacher of the visually impaired	8 (12.9)	0 (0.0)
Direct services of teacher of the visually impaired and mobility specialist	7 (11.3)	0 (0.0)
Extensive services at school for the blind	9 (14.5)	0 (0.0)
Orientation and mobility services only	2 (3.2)	0 (0.0)
Uses an electronic video magnifier at home, n (%)	24 (38.7)	0 (0.00)	<0.01* (1)
Family income, n (%)			0.01* (2)
Less than $29,999	14 (22.6)	3 (7.5)
$30,000 or more	46 (74.2)	29 (72.5)
Declined to answer	2 (3.2)	8 (20.0)
Number of adults in household, n (%)			0.4 (1)
One	10 (16.1)	4 (10.0)
Two or more	52 (83.9)	36 (90.0)
Number of children in household, mean (SD)	2.1 (0.9)	2.7 (1.3)	0.008* (65.4)

Comparisons used t-tests for continuous variables (pooled for equal variances and Satterthwaite for unequal variances) and χ² tests for categorical variables or Fisher's exact test if >20% of cell frequencies were <5.

^aIf degrees of freedom are not indicated, a Fisher's exact test was used.

^*