Table 1.

Characteristics of patients with type one diabetes mellitus in Oman (N = 210)

Variable	n (%)	Mean DSM value ± SD	P value
Gender
Male	62 (29.5)	6.5 ± 1.3	0.07
Female	148 (70.5)	6.9 ± 1.4
Employment status
Employed	74 (35.2)	6.7 (1.4)	0.06
Unemployed	136 (64.8)	7.1 (1.4)
Age in years
18–28	137 (65.2)	6.7 ± 1.4	0.40
29–39	52 (24.8)	7.0 ± 1.4
40–48	21 (10)	6.8 ± 1.3
Marital status
Single	111 (52.8)	6.7 ± 1.4	0.20
Married	97 (46.2)	7.0 ± 1.3
Widowed	2 (1.0)	6.9 ± 1.2
Level of education
Secondary or less	108 (51.4)	6.8 ± 1.4	0.90
Diploma or higher	102 (48.6)	6.8 ± 1.4
Monthly income in OMR
<300	30 (14.3)	7.0 ± 1.3	0.41
300–1000	122 (58.1)	6.8 ± 1.3
>1000	58 (27.6)	6.6 ± 1.5
Time since DM diagnosis in years
0–3	39 (18.6)	6.6 ± 1.5	0.90
3.1–5	26 (12.4)	6.8 ± 1.4
5.1–32.0	145 (69.0)	6.9 ± 1.4
Reason for hospital admission in the last 12 months
No admission	150 (71.4)	6.9 ± 1.4	0.72
Hyperglycaemia	42 (20.0)	6.7 ± 1.3
Hypoglycaemia	6 (2.9)	6.3 ± 1.6
Other	12 (5.7)	6.9 ± 1.1
Other chronic diseases
No	162 (77.1)	6.7 ± 1.4	0.02
Yes	48 (22.9)	7.2 ± 1.1
DM complication
None	143 (68.1)	6.8 ± 1.4	0.8
Vision	52 (24.8)	7.0 ± 1.3
Kidney	4 (1.9)	6.8 ± 0.7
Other	11 (5.2)	6.6 ± 0.9
Family member with DM
No	53 (25.2)	6.7 ± 1.6	0.70
Yes	157 (74.8)	6.8 ± 1.3
Family member(s) who are healthcare professionals
None	126 (60.0)	6.8 ± 1.3	<0.01
One	58 (27.6)	6.5 ± 1.4
More than one	26 (12.4)	7.5 ± 1.3
Glycaemic control*
Good (<7%)	64 (30.5)	7.2 ± 1.3	0.02
Medium (7–9%)	70 (33.3)	6.8 ± 1.3
Poor (>9%)	76 (36.2)	6.5 ± 1.4

DSM = diabetes self-management; SD = standard deviation; OMR = Omani riyal, DM = diabetes mellitus.

^*Glycaemic control as a measurement of percentage glycosylated haemoglobin.