Table 3.
Particulate Matter and Vascular Inflammation: Literature Summary
| Authors, Year | Methods | Main Findings |
|---|---|---|
| Liu et al. 2018 | Mice exposed by inhalation to filtered or ambient air | Accumulation of CD45þ lymphocytes and CD68þ macrophages in pulmonary arterioles. TNF-a, IL-6 and IL-13 markedly elevated in lung tissues |
| Green et al. 2016 | Women enrolled in the multi-ethnic, longitudinal Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation (six sites) | Exposures to PM2.5 and ozone associated with adverse effects on inflammation and hemostatsis |
| Michikawa et al. 2016 | 2360 Japanese participants | Positive association of PM with hs-CRP and WBC count |
| Pope et al. 2016 | 24 healthy, non-smokers exposed to 3 periods of ambient PM | Elevated levels of circulating monocytes, T lymphocytes, iendothelial microparticles, sICAM-1, and sVCAM-1 |
| Dabass et al. 2016 | Adult NHANES trial participants from 2001 to 2008 | No overall association between PM2.5 and biomarkers of cardiovascular risk |
| Wolf et al. 2016 | 2,944 participants of the KORA (Cooperative Health Research in the Region Augsburg) | Individuals with prediabetes have larger effects due to PM exposure |
| Shisler et al. 2015 | Human coronary artery endothelial cells cultured with plasma from 6 healthy volunteers exposed to filtered air or diesel exhaust PM (100mg/m3) for 2 hours | Inflammatory pathways and cytokines upregulated both at 2 and 24 hours after DE exposure |
| Viehmann et al. 2015 | Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study, a German population-based prospective cohort of 4814 participants | Long-term exposure to PM associated with increased hs-CRP and platelets |
| Lanki et al. 2015 | Six adult cohorts from Central and Northern Europe | Living in close proximity to busy traffic associated with elevated CRP concentrations |
| Hampel et al. 2015 | European ESCAPE and TRANSPHORM multi-center projects | Increase in PM2.5 copper and PM10 iron were associated with increase in hsCRP |
| Siponen et al. 2015 | 52 ischemic heart disease patients | C-reactive protein, interleukin-12 and myeloperoxidase elevation in air pollution |
| Johannesson et al. 2014 | Panel study in healthy adults | CRP blood levels fluctuations in different dose PM exposures |
| Lee et al. 2014 | Community adults in a densely populated inner city neighborhood in Boston, Massachusetts | At ambient levels oxidative stress and systemic inflammation exacerbate cardiac autonomic responses to PM2.5 |
| Wang et al. 2013 | Rats exposed to intrathecal PM2.5 alone, PM2.5 and ozone, ozone alone, or fresh air | Increased blood plasma concentrations of endothelin-1 and lower serum VEGF result in inflammation and endothelial damage |
| Oppenheim et al. 2013 | Apolipoprotein (Apo) E−/− and C57Bl6 mice exposed to DE or filtered air (FA) | MVE-exposed Apo E−/− mice demonstrated BBB permeability, elevated ROS and MMP-2/ MMP-9 activity when compared to FA controls |
| Niu et al. 2013 | Female residents of Jinchang and Zhangye, China | The levels of CRP, IL-6, and VEGF were significantly higher in more polluted areas |
| Krishnan et al. 2013 | 17 individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and 15 healthy subjects inhaled filtered air or diesel exhaust in two-hour different day sessions with a minimum 2-week washout period | short-term DE exposure resulted in cardiovascular events (hemoconcentration and thrombocytosis) |
| Rask-Madsen at al. 2013 | DM and glucose | DM and glucose intolerance are independently associated with vascular inflammation |
| Davel et al. 2012 | Wistar rats exposed to urban PM2.5 for two weeks | Decreased endothelial-dependent relaxation and eNOS expression with high local TNF-a levels |
| Channell et al. 2012 | hCAES obtained from healthy individuals exposed to filtered air, diesel exhaust PM (100mg/m3), or NO2 (500ppb) for 2 hours | Exposure to both diesel PM and NO2 leads to a proinflammatory response marked by increases ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and IL-8 |
| Lee et al. 2012 | Cells of the human monocytic leukemia cell line and human umbilical vein endothelial cells | mRNA and protein expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and intercellular adhesion mole- cule-1 (ICAM-1) were upregulated in HUVECs after incubation with exhaust particles |
| Robertson et al. 2012 | Wistar rats exposed to DEP or saline vehicle by intratracheal instillation and hind-limb blood flow | DEP instillation increased cell counts, total protein and IL-6 in BALF 6 h after exposure. Levels of IL-6 and TNFa were only raised in blood 24 h after DEP exposure |
| Guo et al. 2012 | Wistar rats with intratracheal PM10 exposure | Upregulation of endothelial mediators (ET-1 and eNOS) and inflammatory markers (IL-1, TNF-, COX-2, iNOS and ICAM-1) |
| Rich et al. 2012 | 125 healthy adults | CRP blood levels went down from 55% during the pre-Olympic period (high pollutant levels) to 46% during the Olympic games |
| Tsai et al. 2012 | Individuals exposed to short-term PM | Increased circulating levels of IL-1b, IL-6, and TNF-a |
| Huttunen et al. 2012 | 52 elderly individuals with history of ischemic heart disease | Upregulation of IL-12 and CRP within days of exposure |
| Cherng et al. 2011 | Coronary artery of rats exposed to diesel PM or filtered air | NOS uncoupling and generation of reactive oxygen species results in endothelial dysfunction and impaired vasodilation |
| Alexeeff et al. 2011 | 642 elderly men from the Veterans Administration (VA) Normative Aging Study | positive associations between air pollution and sICAM-1 for aver- ages of 4, 8, and 12 weeks |
| Hoffmann et al. 2009 | Population based prospective cohort study of 4,814 subjects | Elevated circulating hs-CRP and fibrinogen |
| Rudez et al. 2009 | 40 healthy volunteers | 13 consecutive CPR blood measurements over the throughout 1 year were not associated with 1 to 4-day changes in PM exposure levels |
| Knuckles et al. 2008 | Isolated arteries and veins of animals immersed in diesel PM | DE induced uncoupling of eNOS in-vivo and ex-vivo |
| Bräuner et al. 2008 | 29 subjects participated in a randomized, two-factor crossover study with or without biking exercise | Exposure to outdoor air pollution particles was not associated with systemic inflammation |
| Scapellato et al. 2007 | Systematic review of evidence | Activated leukocytes and endothelial PDGF and IL-8 regulate inflammation |
| Chuang et al. 2007 | 76 healthy young non-smokers in China | Variations in 1 and 3 day PM10 exposure levels were associated with changes in CRP blood concentrations |
| Yue et al. 2007 | Male coronary artery disease patients | Increases in CRP correlation with traffic-related particles and combustion-generated aerosols |
| O’Neill et al. 2007 | 92 Boston area residents with type 2 diabetes | Consistently positive association between air pollution and inflammatory markers |
| Saura et al. 2006 | Culture of human aortic endothelial cells | IL-6 inhibits eNOS via a Stat3 dependent mechanism, reducing NOS levels and leading to endothelial dysfunction |
| Kristovich et al. 2004. | Human endothelial cells treated with human monocyte derived macrophages exposed to sublethal particulate matter for 24 hrs | Upregulation of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E-selectin on endothelial cells |
| Van Eeden et al. 2001 | 30 healthy males exposed to PM10 for 2 months | Increased levels of circulating of IL-1b, IL-6, GM-CSF, and TNF-a |
| Ridker et al. 2000 | Longitudinal women’s health study | CRP - a strong predictor of future cardiovascular events |