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Schematic illustration of biomechanical stimuli and examples of how these stimuli could be implemented in organ-on-chip systems. (A–E) Active biomechanical stimuli including (A) fluid shear stress, (B) interstitial fluid flow, (C) hydrostatic pressure, (D) tensile stretch, and (E) compression. (F–H) Passive biomechanical stimuli including (F) substrate stiffness, (G) substrate topography, and (H) geometric confinement.
