TABLE 1.

Commercially available organ on chip systems with integrated mechanical stimulation.

Company	Mechanical stimulation	Validated models
AlveoliX http://www.alveolix.com/	Strain: 10%, 0.16 Hz Fluid flow: passive	Alveolus: Inflammation, toxicology, fibrosis (Stucki et al., 2015, 2018; Artzy-Schnirman et al., 2019; Krempaska et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2020)
BI/OND https://www.gobiond.com/	Strain: 2.5–10%, 0–1 Hz Fluid flow: 1–300 μL/min Fluid shear: upper channel: 1.58 × 10–6–2.10 × 10–4 Pa lower channel: 0.011–9.722 Pa	Heart, midbrain organoid, cancer
CNBio https://cn-bio.com/	Fluid flow: 50–5,000 μL/min Fluid shear: dependent on model	Liver (Domansky et al., 2010; Vinci et al., 2011; Wheeler et al., 2014; Long et al., 2016; Kostrzewski et al., 2017, 2020; Sarkar et al., 2017; Rowe et al., 2018; Ortega-Prieto et al., 2019; Vacca et al., 2020). Liver/Intestine (Chen et al., 2017), Brain, Heart, Kidney, Lung, Pancreas, Skin.
Emulate, Inc. https://www.emulatebio.com/	Strain: 0–12%, 0.01–0.4 Hz Fluid Flow: 0–1,000 μL/min Fluid shear: upper channel: 0–0.009 Pa lower channel: 0–0.03 Pa	Blood-brain barrier (Sances et al., 2018; Park et al., 2019; Vatine et al., 2019) Blood vessel: Micro vessel (Jain et al., 2016) Bone marrow (Torisawa et al., 2014, 2016) Bone: Osteogenic differentiation (Sheyn et al., 2019) Lung: Small airway (Huh et al., 2010, 2013; Benam et al., 2016a, b; Jain et al., 2016; Henry et al., 2017; Si et al., 2020) Lung: Alveolus (Huh et al., 2012; Jain et al., 2018) Intestine (Kim et al., 2012; Henry et al., 2017; Villenave et al., 2017; Jalili-Firoozinezhad et al., 2018; Kasendra et al., 2018, 2020; Workman et al., 2018; Grassart et al., 2019) Kidney: Glomerulus (Musah et al., 2018) Kidney: Proximal Tubule (Jang et al., 2013; Vriend et al., 2020; Xu et al., 2020) Liver (Foster et al., 2019; Jang K. J. et al., 2019; Peel et al., 2019) Neuronal development (Sances et al., 2018)
Kirkstall https://www.kirkstall.com/	Fluid flow: 75–250 μL/min Fluid shear: dependent on model	Blood-brain barrier (Miranda-Azpiazu et al., 2018; Elbakary and Badhan, 2020) Brain: Mid brain organoids (Berger et al., 2018) Heart: cardiac tissue (Pagliari et al., 2014) Intestine (Giusti et al., 2014) Liver (Ramachandran et al., 2015; Pedersen et al., 2016; Rashidi et al., 2016; Shannahan et al., 2016) Lung (Chandorkar et al., 2017) Pancreas/Liver (Faure et al., 2016) Kidney
Micronit https://www.micronit.com/microfluidics/smart-organ-on-a-chip-platform.html	Fluid shear: 0.01–5 dyne/cm2	Intestine (Kulthong et al., 2020) Liver (Li et al., 2018) Pancreas (Navarro-Tableros et al., 2019; Gomez et al., 2020) Skin, Lung, Bone marrow, Neural or cardiovascular network
Mimetas https://mimetas.com/	Fluid flow: Gravity driven leveling Fluid shear: 0–0.3 Pa	Blood-brain barrier (Wilmer et al., 2016; Koo et al., 2018) Blood vessel (van Duinen et al., 2017; Beekers et al., 2018; Poussin et al., 2020) Blood vessel: Angiogenesis (van Duinen et al., 2019) Breast cancer (Lanz et al., 2017) Liver (Jang et al., 2015, 2018; Jang M. et al., 2019) Neural: CNS toxicity (Moreno et al., 2015; Wevers et al., 2018; Bolognin et al., 2019; Kane et al., 2019) Intestine (Trietsch et al., 2017; Beaurivage et al., 2019) Kidney: glomerulus (Petrosyan et al., 2019) Kidney: proximal tubule (Wilmer et al., 2016; Vormann et al., 2018; Vriend et al., 2018, 2020; Schutgens et al., 2019) Pancreas (Kramer et al., 2019) Brain: Glioma,
SynVivo https://www.synvivobio.com/	Fluid Flow: 10 nL/min–10 μL/min Fluid shear: 0.001–2 Pa	Blood-brain barrier (Prabhakarpandian et al., 2013; Deosarkar et al., 2015; Tang et al., 2018; Brown et al., 2019; Da Silva-Candal et al., 2019) Blood vessel (Silvani et al., 2019) Blood vessel: Microvascular network (Rosano et al., 2009; Prabhakarpandian et al., 2011; Lamberti et al., 2013) Cancer models (Tang et al., 2017; Terrell-Hall et al., 2017; Vu et al., 2019) Lung (Kolhar et al., 2013; Liu et al., 2019; Soroush et al., 2020)
TissUse https://www.tissuse.com/en/	Fluid shear: 0.02–2 Pa	Multi-tissue models: Intestine-Liver-Brain-Kidney (Ramme et al., 2019) Intestine-Liver-Skin-Kidney (Maschmeyer et al., 2015b) Liver-Brain (Materne et al., 2015) Liver-Intestine (Maschmeyer et al., 2015a) Liver-Kidney (Lin et al., 2020) Liver-Lung (Schimek et al., 2020) Liver-Pancreatic islets (Bauer et al., 2017)
		Liver-Skin (Wagner et al., 2013) Liver-Skin-Vasculature (Maschmeyer et al., 2015a) Liver-Testis (Baert et al., 2020) Skin-Lung cancer (Hubner et al., 2018) Single tissue models: Blood vessels (Schimek et al., 2013; Maschmeyer et al., 2015b) Blood vessels: Micro capillaries (Hasenberg et al., 2015) Bone marrow (Sieber et al., 2018) Brain (Materne et al., 2015) Hair follicle biopsies (Atac et al., 2013) Intestine (Maschmeyer et al., 2015a) Kidney (Ramme et al., 2019) Liver (Maschmeyer et al., 2015a; Materne et al., 2015; Bauer et al., 2017) Lung (Schimek et al., 2020) Pancreas: Pancreatic islets (Bauer et al., 2017) Skin (Atac et al., 2013; Maschmeyer et al., 2015a; Schimek et al., 2018) Testis (Baert et al., 2020)