TABLE 2.

Cell encapsulation technologies for solid implantable devices integrating stem cells for in situ production of therapeutic biomolecules.

Product	Secretome	Type	Description	TRL	Advantages	Disadvantages	Duration
Renexus NT-501 [1]	CNTF	Polysulfone	Polysulfone scaffold with hRPE cells, intravitreally injected	II/III	No immune response, no risk of implant migration, no serious side effects	Needs surgical removal, no improvement	18 m
NT-503 [2]	VEGFR-Fc	PET membrane	Semipermeable PET membrane containing hRPE cells, intravitreally injected	II	No immune response, no risk of implant migration	Needs surgical removal, no serious side effects	12 m
iTrack275 [3]	Bevacizumab/Stem cells (CNTO 2476)	Microcatheter + optic fiber + pump	Supra-choroidally injected	II	Controlled delivery of drugs and human stem cells	Surgically implanted and removed, no serious side effects	Refillable

CNTF, ciliary neurotrophic factor; RPE, retinal pigment epithelium; VEGF, vascular endothelium growth factor; VEGFR-Fc, VEGF receptor fragment crystallizable region; PET, polyethylene terephthalate. All devices are non-biodegradable. [1] (Neurotech Pharma) (Sieving et al., 2006; Emerich and Thanos, 2008; Birch et al., 2013); [2] (Neurotech Pharma) (Guerrero-Naranjo et al., 2013; Neurotech, 2020); [3] (Johnson and Johnson/iScience, Inc.) (Ho et al., 2017; U.S. National Library of Medicine, 2020a).