TABLE 3.
Biohybrids/TI, Biomaterials-encapsulated RPE cells, in vitro studies.
| Product | Cell types | Description | Format | Cell survival |
| Collagen-PLGA [1] | Human RPE cells | RPE cells formed a monolayer, showed polarity and native-like morphology could phagocytose | film | <2 w |
| Collagen [2] | Human RPE cell line (ARPE-19) | RPE cells formed a monolayer with appropriate phenotype and could phagocytose photoreceptors outer segments | scaffold | >1 w |
| Collagen [3] | Human RPE cell line (ARPE-19) | RPE cells formed a monolayer on both materials, collagen demonstrated upregulation of angiogenic molecule | scaffold | 0.5 w |
| Gelatin [4] | Human RPE cell line (ARPE-19) | RPE cells formed a monolayer with carbodiimide cross-linked gelatin membrane | film | 0.5 w |
| Elastin-like recombinamers (ELRs) [5] | Human RPE cell line (ARPE-19) | ELRs were not toxic, ARPE-19 proliferated well and maintained their phenotype | film | <1w |
| Microphotodiode array (SiO2, Si3N4, Pt, MPDA-Pt) [6] | Porcine RPE cells | RPE cells formed a monolayer with appropriate phenotype, biocompatible and non-toxic | film | <2 w |
| PLC [7] | Fetal human RPE | RPE cells on nanopatterned porous PLC showed better pigmentation, increased cell density, superior barrier function, up-regulation of RPE-specific genes, etc., than on porous PCL, non-porous PCL, or Costar porous polyester transwells | scaffold | >8 w |
| PDMS-PmL [8] | Pluripotent cell differentiated RPE cells | dRPE revealed good adhesion, proliferation, polarization, maturation and functionality cultured on PDMS-PmL | scaffold | >3 w |
| PEGDMA [9] | Adult human RPE; porcine RPE | Over 90% viability; confluent cells expressed F-actin and tight junction | film | 1 w |
| PET/PLGA-PGA NP [10] | Adult human RPE stem cell (hRPESC) | RPE cells formed a monolayer, the scaffold and NP showed no cytotoxicity | scaffold | 12 w |
| PLLA/PLGA [11] | Fetal human RPE | Good properties, cell attachment, and proliferation | film | 1 w |
| PLLA/PLGA [12] | Human primary RPE cells/Porcine RPE cells | RPE cells formed a monolayer, good properties, cell attachment and proliferation | film | 2 w |
| PLDLA/Collagen [13] | Human embryonic stem cell derived RPE cells | Supported cell growth, hESCs-RPE showed good adhesion, morphology and maintained phagocytic capacity | film | 8 w |
| PLGA/PEG/PLA [14] | Human RPE cell line (D407) | Micropatterned synthetic biodegradable polymer film that control RPE cell morphology, allows cell-cell interactions and higher cell adhesion | film | 1 w |
| Polyimide (PI) [15] | Adult human RPE stem cell (hRPESC) | Cells established hexagonal, cobblestone morphology with strong pigmentation, expressed RPE specific markers, and phagocytosed photoreceptor outer segments | scaffold | – |
| Polytetrafluoroethylene-modified surface [16] | Human RPE cell line (ARPE-19) | ARPE-19 cells grew in a monolayer, showed phagocytic capacity. The film was not toxic. | film | 2 w |
| Silk Fibroin/PLC/Gelatin [17] | Human primary RPE cells | Higher cell growth rate and higher expression of characteristic RPE genes compared to PCL and PCL-silk scaffolds | scaffold | >12 w |
| Silk fibroin [17] [18] | Human RPE cell line (ARPE-19) | RPE cells formed a monolayer, the material showed biocompatibility and no toxicity | film | >16 w |
| Spider silk proteins [19] | Human RPE cell line (ARPE-19) | RPE cells formed a monolayer with appropriate phenotype and began to exhibit barrier function properties | film | 1 w |
ESC, embryonic stem cells; dRPE, pluripotent differentiated RPE; RPE, retinal pigment epithelium; hESCs-RPE, human embryonic stem cell-derived RPE cells; ARPE-19, human retinal pigment epithelial cell line-19; PCL, poly caprolactone; PET, poly(ethylene terephthalate); PLGA, poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid); PGA, poly(glycolic acid); NP, nanoparticles; PLDLA, copolymer 96/4 L-lactide/D-lactide; PLLA, poly(L-lactic acid); PLA, poly(DL-lactic acid); PEGDMA polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate; PDMS-PmL, plasma modified polydimethylsiloxane coated with laminin. [1] (Warnke et al., 2013); [2] (Lu et al., 2007); [3] (Imai et al., 2007); [4] (Lai, 2013): [5] (Redenti et al., 2009); [6] (Guenther et al., 1999; Wu et al., 2007); [7] (McHugh et al., 2014); [8] (Peng et al., 2016); [9] (Singh et al., 2001); [10] (McCormick et al., 2020); [11] (Giordano et al., 1997); [12] (Hadlock et al., 1999); [13] (Calejo et al., 2017); [14] (Lu et al., 2001); [15] (Subrizi et al., 2012); [16] (Krishna et al., 2011); [17] (Xiang et al., 2014); [18] (Chirila et al., 2015); [19] (Harris et al., 2019).