TABLE 7.

In vitro studies of 3D structures/organoids.

References	Product	Cell type	Description	Cell survival
Eiraku and Sasai, 2012	Matrigel	mESC	Organoid model to obtain a 3D retinal model.	>3 w
Hiler et al., 2015	–	miPSC	Model obtained from iPSC derived from different sources to study retinogenesis.	4 w
Hasegawa et al., 2016	Collagen	mESC	Organoid gel model to study retinogenesis.	>1 w
Völkner et al., 2016	Matrigel	mESC	Model to study retinogenesis.	3 w
Chen et al., 2016	–	mESC miPSC	Model to study morphogenesis of the photoreceptors.	5 w
Lamba et al., 2006	Matrigel	hESC	Model to obtain neural precursors and co-culture with retinal explant.	3 w
Osakada et al., 2008	–	mESC monkey ESC hESC	Model to obtain retinal cells. Co-culture with retinal explants to study interaction.	mESC-PR: >4 w monkey ESC-RPE:13 w monkey ESC- PR: 18 w hESC- RPE: 17 w hESC – PR: 28 w
Ohlemacher et al., 2015	Matrigel	hPSC	Model to study development of retinal tissue and drug screening.	10 w
Fligor et al., 2018	Matrigel	hPSC	Model to study development of retinal tissue and retinal ganglion cells growth.	6 w
Zhong et al., 2014	Matrigel	hiPSC	Modeling of diseases and to obtain retinal cells.	13 w
Nakano et al., 2012	–	hESC	Model to obtain and store retinal cells.	18 w
Lowe et al., 2016	Matrigel	hESC	Organoid model.	2 w
Achberger et al., 2019	Agarose Polydimethylsiloxane and Polyethylene terephthalate	iPSC	Development of vascularization in an organoid matrix and membrane models.	2 w
Thangaraj et al., 2011	–	Chicken retina	Organotypic culture. Retinal development model.	3 w
Engelsberg et al., 2008	Millicell inserts	Human retina	Organotypic culture. Development of neuronal and glial cells.	6 w
Niyadurupola et al., 2011	Millicell inserts	Human retina	Organotypic culture. Model for retinal ganglion cell degeneration.	0.5 w
Osborne et al., 2016	–	Human retina	Organotypic culture. Model for retinal ganglion cell degeneration.	4 w
Curatola et al., 2005	–	Mice retina	Organotypic culture. Vascularization of the 3d culture.	2 w
Caffé et al., 2002	–	Mouse retina	Organotypic culture. Retinal development.	4 w
Ghosh et al., 2009	–	Rat retina	Organotypic culture. Isolation of photoreceptors.	2 w
Wang et al., 2002	–	Mice retina	Organotypic culture. Introduction of genes. Study cellular differentiation.	1 w
Subrizi et al., 2012	Polyimide	hESC	Development of retinal pigment epithelium in a polyimide membrane. Coculture with rat retinal explants.	hESC-RPE: 2–8 w Coculture: <0.5 w
Johnson et al., 2016	–	Mice retina	Organotypic culture. Neuroprotection studies.	1 w
Engelsberg et al., 2005	–	Porcine retina	Organotypic culture.	6 w
Taylor et al., 2013	–	Porcine retina	Organotypic culture. Study the effect of the neurotrophic factors in retinal survival.	1.5 w
Taylor et al., 2014	polycarbonate	Porcine retina	Organotypic culture in a polycarbonate membrane. Study the effect of the biomaterial in the structure of the retina.	1.5 w
Huang et al., 2000	–	Rabbit retina	Organotypic culture. Developmental study.	1 w
Koizumi et al., 2007	–	Rabbit retina	Organotypic culture. Model for genetic manipulation.	1 w

mESC, mouse embryonic stem cell; miPSC, mouse induced pluripotent stem cell; hESC, human embryonic stem cell; hiPSC, human induced pluripotent stem cell.