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ER stress-generated MPs (20 μg/ml) activated ER stress in HUVECs. Relative mRNA expression levels of ER stress markers BiP (A,D), CHOP (B,E), and ATF-4 (C,F) in HUVECs treated with CTL MPs, TG MPs at a concentration of 20 μg/ml for 24 and 48 h (n = 4 in each group), normalized against housekeeping gene β-actin. Data are presented as mean ± SEM and were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed with Tukey's multiple comparison test. *P < 0.05 vs. CTL MPs.
