Table 1.
Baseline characteristics and their associations with presence of OM.
| Characteristic | Total | OM– | OM+ | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 90 | 39 (43.3) | 51 (56.7) | |
| Female | 34 (37.8) | 17 (43.6) | 17 (33.3) | 0.320 |
| Age (years) | 69.34 [9.41] | 68.62 [8.96] | 69.42 [10.15] | 0.471 |
| Age range (years) | 50.12–84.43 | 50.12–83.27 | 54.46–79.23 | |
| BMI (kg/m2) (n = 74) | 26.10 [7.00] | 26.25 [7.00] | 25.95 [7.00] | 0.289 |
| Previous invasive treatments for LEAD | 40 (44.4) | 19 (48.7) | 21 (41.2) | 0.476 |
| Severity of LEAD symptoms | ||||
| Claudication | 57 (63.3) | 28 (71.8) | 29 (56.9) | 0.145 |
| Rest pain | 18 (20.0) | 7 (17.9) | 11 (21.6) | 0.671 |
| Ischemic ulcer or gangrene | 15 (16.7) | 4 (10.3) | 11 (21.6) | 0.154 |
| Ankle brachial index (n = 76) | 0.42 [0.21] | 0.40 [0.18] | 0.45 [0.24] | 0.847 |
| Toe pressure (mmHg) (n = 76) | 41.00 [26.00] | 40.00 [29.00] | 45.00 [20.00] | 0.588 |
| Risk factors | ||||
| Smoking status (n = 88) | ||||
| Never | 4 (4.5) | 3 (7.9) | 1 (2.0) | 0.311 |
| Current smoker | 39 (44.3) | 16 (42.1) | 23 (46.0) | 0.716 |
| Ex-smoker | 45 (51.1) | 19 (50.0) | 26 (52.0) | 0.853 |
| Diabetic | 31 (34.4) | 10 (25.6) | 21 (41.2) | 0.124 |
| Hypertensive | 76 (84.4) | 31 (79.5) | 45 (88.2) | 0.256 |
| Dyslipidemia (n = 89) | 81 (91.0) | 34 (87.2) | 47 (94.0) | 0.291 |
| Coronary artery disease | 21 (34.4) | 12 (30.8) | 19 (37.3) | 0.521 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 8 (8.9) | 3 (7.7) | 5 (9.8) | 0.727 |
| Medications | ||||
| ACE inhibitors/ATR blockers | 67 (74.4) | 26 (66.7) | 41 (80.4) | 0.139 |
| Aspirin | 65 (72.2) | 29 (74.4) | 36 (70.6) | 0.692 |
| Clopidogrel | 10 (11.1) | 3 (7.7) | 7 (13.7) | 0.505 |
| Statins | 64 (71.1) | 27 (69.2) | 37 (72.5) | 0.731 |
| Warfarin | 5 (5.6) | 1 (2.6) | 4 (7.8) | 0.384 |
| Laboratory results | ||||
| Hemoglobin (g/L) (n = 88) | 138.00 [22.30] | 138.00 [20.00] | 138.00 [25.00] | 0.997 |
| Total leukocyte count (10E9/L) (n = 88) | 7.90 [2.70] | 7.70 [2.80] | 8.00 [2.50] | 0.896 |
| Thrombocytes (10E9/L) (n = 88) | 261.00 [89.80] | 261.00 [95.50] | 261.00 [91.00] | 0.534 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) (n = 88) | 4.10 [1.10] | 3.90 [1.33] | 4.10 [1.05] | 0.631 |
| Low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (mmol/L) (n = 87) | 2.10 [1.00] | 2.00 [0.90] | 2.10 [1.20] | 0.826 |
| High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (mmol/L) (n = 88) | 1.21 [0.50] | 1.12 [0.50] | 1.25 [0.50] | 0.649 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) (n = 88) | 1.28 [0.71] | 1.18 [0.75] | 1.28 [0.54] | 0.830 |
| High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (mg/L) (n = 88) | 1.67 [2.58] | 1.54 [1.85] | 1.88 [3.40] | 0.584 |
| Glomerular filtration rate (μmol/L) (n = 88) | 81.34 [19.86] | 80.50 [22.86] | 82.45 [19.92] | 0.597 |
Note. Data are presented as median [IQR] or number of study subjects in the column (%). p-value refers to the statistical significance of the difference in each characteristic between the patients who had OM and those who did not. Information of each clinical parameter was available for all the patients unless otherwise stated.
OM, osteoid metaplasia; OM–, patients without OM; OM+, patients with OM; BMI, body mass index; LEAD, lower extremity artery disease.