Table 3.
Characteristic | All patients | Female | Male | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes | No | p | Yes | No | p | Yes | No | p | |
Previous invasive treatments for LEAD | 0.192 (0.428) | 0.158 (0.256) | 0.670 | 0.301 (0.566) | 0.116 (0.196) | 0.136 | 0.119 (0.297) | 0.183 (0.285) | 0.057 |
Severity of LEAD symptoms | 0.204a | 0.977a | 0.066a | ||||||
Claudication | 0.131 (0.241) | 0.155 (0.203) | 0.113 (0.261) | ||||||
Rest pain | 0.148 (0.155) | 0.118 (0.160) | 0.158 (0.156) | ||||||
Ischemic ulcer or gangrene | 0.377 (0.675) | 0.609 (1.143) | 0.275 (0.413) | ||||||
Claudication vs. rest pain/ulcer/gangreneb | 0.131 (0.241) | 0.252 (0.473) | 0.101 | 0.155 (0.203) | 0.281 (0.657) | 0.894 | 0.113 (0.261) | 0.220 (0.316) | 0.022 |
Risk factors | |||||||||
Smoking status (n = 88) | 0.262a | 0.350a | 0.400a | ||||||
Never | 0.028 (0.057) | 0.028 (0.057) | N/A | ||||||
Current smoker | 0.256 (0.479) | 0.278 (0.547) | 0.236 (0.422) | ||||||
Ex-smoker | 0.118 (0.165) | 0.151 (0.185) | 0.107 (0.160) | ||||||
Diabetes | 0.199 (0.434) | 0.161 (0.293) | 0.363 | 0.547 (0.880) | 0.130 (0.193) | 0.029 | 0.109 (0.147) | 0.188 (0.360) | 0.745 |
Dyslipidemia (n = 89) | 0.182 (0.357) | 0.093 (0.169) | 0.341 | 0.216 (0.452) | 0.146 (0.201) | 0.882 | 0.163 (0.296) | 0.004 (0.007) | 0.150 |
Coronary artery disease | 0.123 (0.166) | 0.202 (0.410) | 0.951 | 0.090 (0.132) | 0.264 (0.502) | 0.371 | 0.141 (0.183) | 0.162 (0.339) | 0.412 |
Cerebrovascular disease | 0.155 (0.177) | 0.176 (0.356) | 0.778 | 0.199 (0.250) | 0.206 (0.438) | 1.000 | 0.122 (0.134) | 0.157 (0.299) | 0.648 |
Medications | |||||||||
ACE inhibitors/ATR blockers | 0.179 (0.352) | 0.160 (0.330) | 0.286 | 0.246 (0.502) | 0.135 (0.228) | 0.530 | 0.146 (0.250) | 0.188 (0.425) | 0.433 |
Aspirin | 0.174 (0.361) | 0.173 (0.304) | 0.765 | 0.235 (0.484) | 0.128 (0.174) | 0.838 | 0.137 (0.259) | 0.200 (0.364) | 0.538 |
Clopidogrel | 0.190 (0.169) | 0.172 (0.360) | 0.286 | 0.242 (0.154) | 0.196 (0.471) | 0.136 | 0.007 (0.009) | 0.160 (0.294) | 0.366 |
Statins | 0.154 (0.322) | 0.219 (0.394) | 0.864 | 0.239 (0.491) | 0.129 (0.184) | 0.676 | 0.103 (0.134) | 0.276 (0.479) | 0.531 |
Warfarin | 0.077 (0.119) | 0.179 (0.351) | 0.929 | N/A | 0.206 (0.422) | N/A | 0.077 (0.119) | 0.161 (0.299) | 0.868 |
Note. Area percentage of OM is presented as mean (±SD). Information of each clinical parameter was available for all the patients unless otherwise stated. Association of amount of OM in a slide to categorical clinical parameters calculated by Mann–Whitney U test.
“Yes” refers to the patients having the clinical characteristic, and “No” to the patients not having the clinical characteristic.
OM osteoid metaplasia; LEAD, lower extremity artery disease.
Overall comparison by Kruskal–Wallis test between all the groups.
“Yes” for claudication and “no” for rest pain/ulcer/gangrene.