Table 3. Associations of vitamin D levels with number of remaining teeth and periodontal parameters.
| Classification of serum vitamin D level (ng/mL) | Severe deficiency | Deficiency | Insufficiency | Sufficiency | P for trend | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | ||||||
| No. of teeth | 21.7±0.39 | 22.1±0.12 | 22.7±0.21 | 22.6±0.55 | 0.005 | |
| PPD 4%a) | 7.5±0.7 | 7.6±0.2 | 7.4±0.3 | 6.5±0.9 | 0.360 | |
| CAL 4%a) | 23.1±1.1 | 22.8±0.3 | 23.1±0.6 | 21.5±1.5 | 0.761 | |
| BOP%a) | 9.8±0.8 | 10.8±0.2 | 10.9±0.4 | 11.8±1.1 | 0.220 | |
| Male | ||||||
| No. of teeth | 20.3±1.1 | 21.9±0.2 | 22.4±0.3 | 22.4±0.7 | 0.046 | |
| PPD 4%a) | 8.8±2.0 | 9.7±0.4 | 9.4±0.5 | 7.5±1.2 | 0.247 | |
| CAL 4%a) | 35.3±3.2 | 29.0±0.6 | 29.5±0.8 | 26.6±2.0 | 0.309 | |
| BOP%a) | 11.9±2.2 | 10.7±0.4 | 10.9±0.5 | 11.3±1.4 | 0.820 | |
| Female | ||||||
| No. of teeth | 22.1±0.4 | 22.3±0.1 | 23.0±0.3 | 22.7±1.0 | 0.068 | |
| PPD 4%a) | 6.2±0.6 | 6.3±0.2 | 5.9±0.5 | 7.0±1.5 | 0.824 | |
| CAL 4%a) | 17.7±1.0 | 18.4±0.3 | 18.4±0.8 | 19.7±2.4 | 0.510 | |
| BOP%a) | 9.4±0.81 | 10.9±0.3 | 10.8±0.7 | 12.8±1.95 | 0.150 | |
Values are presented as adjusted mean±standard error of the mean. Values were estimated via linear regression analysis and adjusted for age, sex, month of blood collection, body mass index, smoking, alcohol consumption, regular exercise, antihypertensive medication, and antidiabetic medication.
PPD 4%: the percentage of sites with probing depth ≥4 mm, CAL 4%: the percentage of sites with clinical attachment loss ≥4 mm, BOP%: the percentage of sites which bled after probing.
a)A total of 228 edentulous participants were excluded from the analysis.