Skip to main content
. 2020 Dec 11;32(12):816–822. doi: 10.1589/jpts.32.816

Table 2. Comparison between light and heavy weight balls in angular velocities (degree/sec).

Light weight ball Heavy weight ball p-value
Stride foot contact
Elbow extension −204.1 ± 208.1 −208.6 ± 217.8 0.893
Shoulder abduction 133.4 ± 143.9 134.8 ± 150.3 0.929
Shoulder horizontal adduction 138.8 ± 186.0 142.3 ± 189.5 0.016*
Shoulder external rotation 752.4 ± 293.1 762.1 ± 265.3 0.771
Trunk rotation 96.2 ± 98.8 87.2 ± 105.9 0.496
Trunk forward tilt 91.6 ± 55.5 96.5 ± 57.3 0.258
Trunk lateral tilt −148.4 ± 64.2 −151.1 ± 62.0 0.636
Maximum external rotation
Elbow extension 1,212.1 ± 362.7 1,176.5 ± 393.7 0.400
Shoulder abduction −82.1 ± 141.0 −84.9 ± 147.7 0.867
Shoulder horizontal adduction 205.2 ± 116.2 198.0 ± 123.7 0.896
Shoulder external rotation −4.8 ± 22.0 −5.1 ± 25.8 0.961
Trunk rotation −468.1 ± 136.0 −488.7 ± 128.1 0.097
Trunk forward tilt 242.4 ± 50.4 240.0 ± 55.3 0.635
Trunk lateral tilt −159.4 ± 80.0 −157.0 ± 78.2 0.586
Ball release
Elbow extension 960.4 ± 472.6 1,056.1 ± 484.7 0.186
Shoulder abduction 109.9 ± 166.2 96.9 ± 161.1 0.281
Shoulder horizontal adduction −7.8 ± 196.9 −19.1 ± 195.4 0.443
Shoulder external rotation −4,051.0 ± 1,032.6 −3,800.2 ± 1046.4 0.036*
Trunk rotation −116.6 ± 117.8 −74.8 ± 167.0 0.269
Trunk forward tilt 217.5 ± 55.1 233.3 ± 101.2 0.448
Trunk lateral tilt −193.9 ± 55.7 −204.8 ± 78.4 0.269
Maximum value
Elbow extension 2,042.9 ± 281.1 2,012.6 ± 269.2 0.280
Shoulder abduction 373.4 ± 165.7 384.4 ± 172.7 0.429
Shoulder horizontal adduction 433.3 ± 115.5 440.8 ± 215.9 0.650
Shoulder external rotation −4,634.5 ± 1,032.6 −4,517.5 ± 124.4 0.195
Trunk rotation −504.5 ± 136.6 −530.7 ± 119.7 0.028*
Trunk forward tilt 259.7 ± 52.1 277.2 ± 93.7 0.397
Trunk lateral tilt −219.2 ± 59.8 −229.1 ± 76.2 0.306

*p<0.05; data are mean ± SD.