Table 4.

The chemical compounds with active result from bioassay against respiratory infectious viral activity.

Herb	Chemical compound	Virus type	Minimal concentration	Study type	Reference
Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) Dc.	Atractylenolide III	Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus	IC50 = 99.6 µmol/L	In vitro	[10]
Citrus reticulata Blanco	Hesperidin	SARS-CoV-2	N/A	In silico	[11, 12]
Agastache rugosa	Quercetin	SARS-CoV	IC50 = 8.1 ± 0.3 µm	In vitro	[13]
Amomum tsaoko Crevost et Lemarie
Ephedra sinica Stapf
Agastache rugosa	Quercetin	Influenza A virus H1N1 A/PR/8/34	EC50 = 43.1 µm	In vitro	[14]
Amomum tsaoko Crevost et Lemarie
Ephedra sinica Stapf
Agastache rugosa	Quercetin	SARS-CoV	IC50 = 23.8 µm	In vitro	[15]
Amomum tsaoko Crevost et Lemarie
Ephedra sinica Stapf
Agastache rugosa	Apigenin	Influenza A virus H1N1 A/PR/8/34	IC50 = 31.6 ± 0.9 µm	In vitro	[16]
Ephedra sinica Stapf
Agastache rugosa	Apigenin	Influenza A virus H3N2 A/Jinan/15/90	IC50 = 28.9 ± 0.7 µm	In vitro	[16]
Ephedra sinica Stapf
Agastache rugosa	Apigenin	Influenza A virus B/Jiangsu/10/2003	IC50 = 45.7 ± 2.3 µm	In vitro	[16]
Ephedra sinica Stapf
Amomum tsaoko Crevost et Lemarie	Quercetin, 3-o-rutinoside (Synonymous rutin)	Influenza A virus H1N1	IC50 = 34.4 ± 5.0 µm	In vitro	[14]
Ephedra sinica Stapf
Amomum tsaoko Crevost et Lemarie	Hirsutrin	Influenza A virus A/swine/OH/511445/2007 H1N1	ED50 = 1.2 µm	In vitro and in vivo	[17]
Ephedra sinica Stapf	Cosmetin	Influenza A virus H1N1 A/PR/8/34	EC50 = 43.0 µm	In vitro	[14]
Ephedra sinica Stapf	Vitexin	Influenza A virus H1N1 A/PR/8/34	IC50 = 46.5 ± 0.6 µm	In vitro	[16]
Ephedra sinica Stapf	Vitexin	Influenza A virus H3N2 A/Jinan/15/90	IC50 = 45.1 ± 1.3 µm	In vitro	[16]
Ephedra sinica Stapf	Vitexin	Influenza A virus B/Jiangsu/10/2003	IC50 = 49.6 ± 3.1 µm	In vitro	[16]
Ephedra sinica Stapf	Luteolin	Influenza A virus H1N1 A/PR/8/34	IC50 = 33.7 ± 0.7 µm	In vitro	[16]
Ephedra sinica Stapf	Luteolin	Influenza A virus H3N2 A/Jinan/15/90	IC50 = 32.6 ± 0.1 µm	In vitro	[16]
Ephedra sinica Stapf	Luteolin	Influenza A virus B/Jiangsu/10/2003	IC50 = 53.3 ± 5.1 µm	In vitro	[16]
Ephedra sinica Stapf	Herbacetin	Influenza A virus H1N1 A/PR/8/34	EC50 = 35.0 µm	In vitro	[14]
Ephedra sinica Stapf	Kaempferol	Influenza A virus H1N1 A/PR/8/34	IC50 = 58.6 ± 0.6 µm	In vitro	[16]
Ephedra sinica Stapf	Kaempferol	Influenza A virus H3N2 A/Jinan/15/90	IC50 = 38.1 ± 0.3 µm	In vitro	[16]
Ephedra sinica Stapf	Kaempferol	Influenza A virus B/Jiangsu/10/2003	IC50 = 46.4 ± 0.8 µm	In vitro	[16]
Zingiber officinale Roscoe	Euxanthone	Influenza A virus H1N1	IC50 = 23.54 ± 3.68 µm	In vitro	[18]
Zingiber officinale Roscoe	Euxanthone	Influenza A virus H9N2	IC50 = 22.45 ± 3.45 µm	In vitro	[18]
Zingiber officinale Roscoe	Euxanthone	Influenza A virus H1N1 swine	IC50 = 11.54 ± 0.35 µm	In vitro	[18]
Zingiber officinale Roscoe	Euxanthone	Influenza A virus H1N1 (H274Y)	IC50 = 13.01 ± 0.41 µm	In vitro	[18]

EC₅₀: half maximal effective concentration; IC₅₀: half maximal inhibitory concentration.