Table 1.
Summary of case reports detailing confirmed or possible instances of SARS-CoV-2 vertical transmission. Sample sizes of n = 1 unless otherwise noted. Tests are recorded as positive (+) or negative (−) followed by the day that the sample was taken in parentheses (DX), where X = number of days post-delivery. NSP: nasopharyngeal swab.
| Mother | Neonate | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ref | SARS-CoV-2 PCR Test | Placenta Histology | SARS-CoV-2 PCR Test | IgM Antibodies |
Other |
| [28] | NSP: + (D0), (n = 6/6) | – | Throat: (D0), (n = 0/6) Serum: (D0), (n = 0/6) |
Serum: + (D0), (n = 2/6) | Elevated serum IL-6 (D0), (n = 6/6) |
| [59] | NSP: + (D0) | – | NSP: + (D0, 2) | Serum: (D0, 4, 5) | Ventilation for 12 h after birth; Mild respiratory symptoms (D6) |
| [56] | NSP: + (D-12, -3, 8) | – | NSP: (D2, 5, 8, 13, 14, 16) | Serum: + (D0) | Elevated serum IL-6 and IL-10 |
| [57] | NSP: + (D-1) | Inflammation | NSP: + (D0, 2, 7) Serum: + (D4) Stool: + (D7) |
– | – |
| [55] | NSP: + (D-3) | – | Amniotic fluid: + (D0) Umbilical cord blood: (D0) NSP: (D0), + (D1) |
– | – |
| [39] | NSP: + (D0) Placenta: + (D0) |
Inflammation; SARS-CoV-2 RNA and protein |
Umbilical cord: + (D0) | – | – |
| [38] | NSP: + (D0) Serum: + (D0) Placenta: + (D0) Vaginal: + (D0) |
Inflammation; SARS-CoV-2 protein |
Amniotic fluid: + (D0) Serum: + (D0) NSP: + (D0, 2, 17) Rectal: + (D0) |
– | MRI: Brain white matter injury (D11); Reduced injury at 2 months |
| [58] | NSP: + (D0), (n = 30/31) Serum: + (D0), (n = 1/30) Placenta: + (D0), (n = 2/31) Vaginal: + (D0), (n = 1/30) |
– | Umbilical cord blood: + (D0) (n = 1/31) NSP: + (n = 2/31) |
Umbilical cord blood: + (D0), (n = 1/31) | Elevated serum IL-8, CCL2, CCL3, CCL5, CXCL10 (D0), (n = 2/31) |