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. 2020 Dec 9;11:596572. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.596572

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Copyright © 2020 Riquelme-Sandoval, de Sá-Ferreira, Miyakoshi and Hedin-Pereira

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Hemopressin peptides mechanisms of action. (A) Hemopressin acts as inverse agonist of CB1 and as an agonist of the receptors TRPV1 and the µ opioid receptor. (B) VD-hemopressin is an agonist of the CB1 receptor and for control nociception and blood pressure can interact with the TRPV1 NFF and α adrenergic receptor. (C) RVD-hemopressin can act as a negative allosteric modulator of CB1 and a positive allosteric modulator of CB2. Thinner arrows (dark red) indicate inverse agonist or negative allosteric effects by hemopressins. Larger arrows (light red) indicate agonist or positive allosteric modulation.