Table 2.

Types of neoadjuvant systemic therapies

Type	Mechanism of action	Examples
Nonsteroidal Antiandrogen	Inhibit binding of DHT and testosterone to androgen receptor	Bicalutamide, Flutamide, Nilutamide
Steroidal antiandrogen	Inhibit binding of DHT and testosterone to androgen receptor	Cyproterone acetate
CYP17A1 inhibitor	Inhibit testosterone synthesis in adrenal and prostate glands	Abiraterone
LHRH agonist	Suppress hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis	Leuprolide Acetate, Triptorelin Pamoate, Goserelin Acetate, Histrelin Acetate
LHRH antagonist	Suppress hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis	Degarelix
Chemotherapy	Cytotoxicity	Docetaxel
Immunotherapy	Variable based on agent	GVAX, bevacizumab

LHRH=Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone, DHT=Dihydrotestosterone, GVAX=granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-secreting allogeneic cellular vaccine