Table 4.
Summary of the published studies on the presence of MRSA inside transportation vehicles and stations
| Type of swab- sample collected | Type of transportation vehicle/station (number) | No. (%) of samples/vehicles positive for MRSA out of the total collected | Country of study | References, Time of sample collection |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Handrails (1400 swabs) | Trolleybuses, trams and buses (n = 55) | 0% of samples | Belgrade, Serbia | [154] (NI) * |
| Handrails | Buses (n = 85) | 26% of buses | Oporto, Portugal | [155] (05–2009/02-2010) |
| Straps and handrails | Subway trains (n = 349) | 2.3% of trains | Tokyo and Niigata, Japan | [156] (2008–2010) |
| Handrails, ticket machines and hand-touched surfaces | buses and stations | 0% | Lyon, France | [157] (NI) |
| Handrails, seat rails, handgrips, stop buttons and tickets machine | Buses (n = 199) | 36.2% of buses | Lisbon, Portugal | [158] (05–2011/05-2012) |
| Pooled samples from handrails, seats, seat rails, driver’s area | Buses (n = 40) | 63 % of buses | Ohio, USA | [159] (07–2010/10-2010) |
| handrails and stop buttons | Buses (n = 112) | 16.1% of buses | Porto, Portugal | [160] (10–2010/05-2011) |
| Hand rails, seats, stanchions, Ticket Vending Machines (TVMs) and escalators. | stations and carriages | 2.5% of stations | Guangzhou, China | [161] (11–2013) |
| Toilet door handles | Airport (n = 136) | 0.7% of airports | Worldwide | [162] (12–2012/11-2015) |
| Grab rail, armrest and vinyl seat | Buses (n = 15) | 12 isolates from 45 samples | Chittagong City, Bangladesh | [163] (NI) |
| 380 surface samples | railway stations and coach stations | 1.58% of the 149 Staphylococcus species | China | [164] (12–2013-01-2014) |
| Handle and seat surfaces | Public transportation vehicles (n = 28) | 31.4 % of vehicles | Kathmandu valley, Nepal | [153] (06–2017-08-2017) |
* NI; not identified