Table 1.

Animal experimental studies on the treatment of ALD with probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics.

Study	Object	Types of drug	Outcomes
Forsyth et al. [18]	Alcoholic steatohepatitis male Sprague-Dawley rats	Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LGG)	Liver steatosis severity reduced
Chang et al. [19]	Male wild type rats with acute alcohol-related liver disease	VSL#3 (a mixture of probiotics such as Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus plantarum)	Increased intestinal permeability (decreased plasma endotoxin and TNFα levels)
Bang et al. [15]	Alcohol-related liver disease C57BL/6 mice	Lactobacillus rhamnosus R0011 and Lactobacillus acidophilus R0052	Reduced inflammation of the liver (TLR4 expression decreased)
Grander et al. [20]	C57BL/6 mice with alcoholic steatohepatitis	Colistin	Increased gut barrier integrity (relative abundance of A. muciniphila and mucin is increased)
Tang et al. [21]	Male alcohol-related liver disease Sprague- Dawley rats	Oats (prebiotics)	Reduced oxidative stress (NOS, NO protein carbonylation, and nitrotyrosination) and increased gut barrier integrity (integrity of actin cytoskeleton and tight junction)
Yan et al. [22]	Alcohol-related liver disease mice	Fructooligosaccharide (FOS)	Improvement of the degree of liver inflammation (recovery of the level of antimicrobial protein Reg3g and reduction of intestinal bacterial overgrowth)
Ferrere et al. [23]	Mice fed by alcohol	Prebiotic pectin	Relative abundance of bacteroides was increased, improvement of the severity of steatosis, and reduction of inflammation in the liver