Table 1.

Characteristics of the included studies.

						Sample size
References	Country	Study design	Type of beverage	Consumption per test	Sports	Total	Treatment	Control	Male	Mean age (years)	Outcome of interest
Clarke et al. (2005)	United Kingdom	Randomized crossover	Carbohydrate electrolyte solution	500 ml	Soccer	12	12	12	12	25 ± 3	CHO-O, Fat-O
Hodgson et al. (2013a,b)	United Kingdom	Randomized crossover	Caffeine	600 ml	Cycling	8	8	8	NR	41 ± 7	CHO-O, Fat-O
Roberts et al. (2014)	United Kingdom	Randomized crossover	Carbohydrate–electrolyte solution	270 ml	Cycling	14	14	14	14	31.8 ± 10	CHO-O, Fat-O
Garnacho-Castano et al. (2018)	Spain	Randomized crossover	Beetroot juice	70 ml	Cycling	12	12	12	12	39.3 ± 7.5	CHO-O, Fat-O
Pettersson et al. (2019)	Sweden	Randomized crossover	Carbohydrate electrolyte solution	220 ml	Ski	12	12	12	6	25.2 ± 5	CHO-O, Fat-O

CHO-O, carbohydrate oxidation rate; Fat-O, fat oxidation rate.