Figure 10.
Combination treatment with MgCl2 and VPA regulated autophagy and many signaling pathways in the UC3 cells. (A) mRNA expression of autophagy-related genes as determined by qRT-PCR. (B) Western blot analysis for the expression of genes related to autophagy. (C) Protein expression of mTOR and phosphorylated mTOR (p-mTOR) as determined by Western blot analysis. (D) Protein expression of ERK signaling genes as determined by Western blot analysis. (E) Protein expression of β-catenin as determined by Western blot analysis. The differences among multiple groups were assessed using the Analysis of variance (ANOVA). *p < 0.05 versus control, and **p < 0.01 versus control.