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. 2020 Dec 11;11:608645. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.608645

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Overview of IFN production upon viral infection. Upon virus entry into cells, viruses are sensed by the TLRs (endosomes) or the RLRs (cytoplasm). TLR3 senses dsRNA (a main component of viruses or viral replication) and is located in endosomes. Upon sensing of dsRNA molecules, TLR3 and its adapter TRIF lead to the induction of both the NFкB and the IRF3/7 pathways, which lead to the induction of both pro-inflammatory cytokines and type I and III IFNs. Viral PAMPs located in the cytosol are recognized by RLRs and upon activation recruit the adapter protein MAVS. When MAVS is recruited to mitochondria, NFкB and IRF3/7 are activated leading to the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and type I and III IFNs. However, when MAVS is recruited to peroxisomes the signaling cascade leads to the induction of type III IFNs only.