Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies.
| Study | Strain, species | Age range | Investigated muscle group(s) | Method(s) employed for evaluation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Courtney and Steinbach (1981) | Lewis rat | 100–917 days | Diaphragm and sternomastoid muscle | Radioassay with 125I conjugated α-BuTx |
| Banker et al. (1983) | CBF-1 mouse | 8–12 and 29–35 months | EDL, soleus, gluteus maximus, diaphragm, and EDC | Radioassay with 125I conjugated α-BuTx; Electron microscopy Electrophysiology Mechanical test |
| Oda (1984) | Human | 32–76 years | Intercostal muscle | Radioassay with 125I conjugated α-BuTx |
| Herscovich and Gershon (1987) | C57BL/6J mouse | 6 and 28 months | Gastrocnemius, quadriceps, and diaphragm | Radioassay with 125I conjugated α-BuTx |
| Smith and Chapman (1987) | Fisher 344 rat | 10 and 28 months | Diaphragm | Radioassay with 125I conjugated α-BuTx Immunofluorescence with fluorescein-conjugated α-BuTx |
| Anis and Robbins (1988) | C57BL mouse | 7–8 and 24–25 months | Soleus | Radioassay with 125I conjugated α-BuTx |
| Smith et al. (1990) | Fisher 344 rat | 10 and 25–28 months | Diaphragm | Radioassay with 125I conjugated α-BuTx Immunofluorescence with fluorescein-conjugated α-BuTx Electrophysiology |
| Prakash and Sieck (1998) | Fisher 344 rat | 6 and 24 months | Diaphragm | Immunofluorescence with fluorescein-conjugated α-BuTx |
| Connor et al. (2002) | F344*BN F1 rat | 9 and 24 months | Thyroarytenoid muscle | Immunofluorescence with fluorescein-conjugated α-BuTx |
| Deschenes and Wilson (2003) | Fisher 344 rat | 8 and 22 months | Soleus | Immunofluorescence with fluorescein-conjugated α-BuTx |
| Apel et al. (2009) | F344*BN F1 rat | 4 and 24 months | Soleus, gastrocnemius | Immunofluorescence with fluorescein-conjugated α-BuTx |
| Mcmullen and Andrade (2009) | F344*BN F1 rat | 6, 18, and 30 months | Thyroarytenoid and PCA | Immunofluorescence with fluorescein-conjugated α-BuTx Electron microscopy Mechanical test |
| Suzuki et al. (2009) | Wistar rats | 2, 10, 24, and 30 months | Diaphragm | Immunofluorescence with fluorescein-conjugated α-BuTx |
| Kulakowski et al. (2011) | C57BL/6 mouse | 6 and 24 months | Soleus | Immunofluorescence with fluorescein-conjugated α-BuTx Mechanical test |
| Li et al. (2011) | C57BL/6 mouse | 3 weeks−26 months | Sternomastoid muscle | Immunofluorescence with fluorescein-conjugated α-BuTx |
| Samuel et al. (2012) | C57BL/6 mouse | 3–4 and 24–28 months | Triangularis sterni muscle and diaphragm | Immunofluorescence with fluorescein-conjugated α-BuTx |
| Cheng et al. (2013) | C57BL/6J mouse | 2, 14, 19, 22, 25, and 28 months | TA | Immunofluorescence with fluorescein-conjugated α-BuTx |
| Deschenes et al. (2013) | Fisher 344 rat | 8 and 24 months | Soleus, EDL | Immunofluorescence with fluorescein-conjugated α-BuTx |
| Personius and Parker (2013) | C57BL/6J mouse | 3, 12, and 24 months | Soleus | Immunofluorescence with fluorescein-conjugated α-BuTx |
| Aare et al. (2016) | Fisher 344 rat | 8 and 35–36 months | Vastus lateralis | Immunofluorescence with fluorescein-conjugated α-BuTx |
| Willadt et al. (2016) | C57BL/6J mouse | 12–14 and 26–28 months | Diaphragm and EDL | Immunofluorescence with fluorescein-conjugated α-, γ- nAChRs antibody Electrophysiology |
| Xie et al. (2016) | Sprague-Dawley rat | 5 and 20 months | TA and diaphragm | Immunofluorescence with fluorescein-conjugated α-, γ- nAChRs antibody Mechanical test |
| Hughes et al. (2017) | Fisher 344 rat | 9 and 29 months | EDL, gastrocnemius, plantaris, TA, vastus lateralis, and semimembranosus | — |
| Liu et al. (2017) | C57BL/6J mouse | 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months | TA, diaphragm, and EDL | Immunofluorescence with fluorescein-conjugated α-BuTx |
| Snyder-Warwick et al. (2018) | C57BL/6J mouse | 3–33 months | Sternomastoid muscle | Immunofluorescence with fluorescein-conjugated α-BuTx |
| Xie et al. (2018) | Sprague-Dawley rat | 4 and 16 months | TA | Electrophysiology |
| Zhao et al. (2018) | C57BL/6 mouse | 3 and 24 months | TA, diaphragm, and gastrocnemius | Immunofluorescence with fluorescein-conjugated α-BuTx Electrophysiology Mechanical test |
| Soendenbroe et al. (2019) | Human | 65–94 years | Vastus lateralis | — |
| Uchitomi et al. (2019) | C57BL/6J mouse | 8 weeks, 4 and 28 months | Gastrocnemius, TA, and EDL | — |
| Soendenbroe et al. (2020) | Human | 20–90 years | Vastus lateralis | — |
EDL, extensor digitorum longus; EDC, extensor digitorum communis; PCA, posterior cricoarytenoid; TA, tibialis anterior; α-BuTx, α-bungarotoxin.