Table 3.

Non-protein biomarkers of cardiovascular disease.

Non-Proteins Associated with CVD	Type of CVD They Help Diagnose	Changes/Levels in CVD	Reference(s)
miR-208b and miR-499	Acute myocardial infarction	Elevated	[88,91]
miR-21, miR-130a, miR-27b, and miR-210	Atherosclerosis obliterans and peripheral arterial disease	Elevated	[102]
miR-221 and miR-222	Atherosclerosis obliterans and peripheral arterial disease	Decreased	[102]
miR-34a, miR-21 and miR-23a	Coronary artery disease	Elevated	[103]
miR-26a	Hypertension	Decreased	[104]
miR-29a	Obstructive cardiomyopathy	Elevated	[105]
miR-29c	Aortic stenosis	Elevated	[105]
miR-499 and miR-133a	Myocardial infarction	Elevated	[106]
miR-1, miR-208a, and miR-499	Myocardial ischemic reperfusion injury	Elevated	[107]
miR-223	Acute ischemic stroke	Elevated	[108]