. 2020 Nov 26;9(12):1748. doi: 10.3390/foods9121748

Table 3.

Mineral composition (mg/100 g fresh weight) in twelve wild food plant species sampled in two Karen and two Lawa villages in northern Thailand. The figures are compared to the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) and tolerable upper intake level (UL) according to [59].

Species	Plant part	P	K	Ca	Mg	Na	Fe	Mn	Zn	Cu
Acmella paniculata	Aerial parts	40.5 ± 0.5 ^de	356.2 ± 1.1 ^ab	183.4 ± 4.5 ^c	55.3 ± 2.0 ^ef	1.8 ± 0.1 ^abc	11.1 ± 1.2 ^e	1.8 ± 1.1 ^ab	6.7 ± 1.10 ^de	0.04 ± 0.00 ^d
Acmella uliginosa	Aerial parts	44.2 ± 0.6 ^f	549.7 ± 9.9 ^cde	147.8 ± 1.8 ^b	56.5 ± 1.1 ^f	0.7 ± 0.1 ^a	10.7 ± 0.3 ^e	7.1 ± 1.0 ^c	1.9 ± 0.19 ^ab	0.09 ± 0.00 ^f
Centella asiatica	Leaves	32.2 ± 1.4 ^c	377.0 ± 42.0 ^abc	176.7 ± 10.5 ^bc	104.4 ± 2.8 ^h	21.2 ± 1.6 ^e	4.1 ± 0.2 ^bc	12.0 ± 0.7 ^de	10.9 ± 1.86 ^f	0.02 ± 0.00 ^b
Clerodendum glandulosum	Young leaves	71.1 ± 2.9 ^h	693.7 ± 11.9 ^e	24.7 ± 3.1 ^a	69.8 ± 3.2 ^g	1.5 ± 0.1 ^abc	2.2 ± 0.1 ^ab	10.9 ± 1.5 ^d	19.4 ± 2.63 ^h	0.34 ± 0.01 ^g
Ficus auriculata	Young leaves	48.6 ± 1.1 ^g	447.2 ± 7.7 ^bcd	338.1 ± 15.2 ^d	50.1 ± 3.2 ^de	4.8 ± 1.1 ^d	5.5 ± 0.1 ^bc	3.3 ± 0.3 ^b	5.7 ± 0.34 ^cd	0.05 ± 0.00 ^e
Lygodium flexuosum	Young leaves	44.2 ± 1.9 ^f	668.3 ± 21.8 ^e	15.4 ± 0.8 ^a	57.4 ± 3.6 ^f	2.4 ± 0.4 ^c	6.3 ± 4.3 ^cd	14.0 ± 1.3 ^ef	7.0 ± 0.68 ^de	0.03 ± 0.00 ^cd
Monochoria vaginalis	Leaves	16.4 ± 0.4 ^b	253.4 ± 10.9 ^a	28.5 ± 1.6 ^a	12.4 ± 0.6 ^bc	0.8 ± 0.1 ^ab	9.3 ± 0.2 ^de	15.7 ± 0.3 ^f	3.0 ± 0.42 ^abc	<0.01 ^a
Musa acuminata	Psuedostem	9.3 ± 1.0 ^a	591.0 ± 25.5 ^de	2.6 ± 0.1 ^a	8.0 ± 0.8 ^ab	0.4 ± 0.1 ^a	0.4 ± 0.1 ^a	6.3 ± 0.9 ^c	4.6 ± 0.5 ^bcd	<0.01 ^a
Oenanthe javanica	Aerial parts	43.5 ± 1.5 ^ef	1291.3 ± 254 ^f	170.2 ± 12.0 ^bc	46.4 ± 0.8 ^d	2.2 ± 0.1 ^bc	7.0 ± 0.6 ^cd	8.4 ± 0.5 ^c	14.0 ± 0.5 ^g	0.06 ± 0.00 ^e
Oroxylum indicum	Fruits	31.0 ± 1.0 ^c	235.3 ± 9.2 ^a	3.0 ± 0.4 ^a	14.2 ± 2.1 ^c	0.5 ± 0.0 ^a	0.3 ± 0.0 ^a	0.2 ± 0.0 ^a	6.4 ± 0.9 ^de	0.41 ± 0.01 ^h
Senegalia rugata	Young leaves	77.7 ± 1.5 ⁱ	221.7 ± 11.2 ^a	1.0 ± 0.1 ^a	13.4 ± 1.0 ^bc	0.9 ± 0.1 ^ab	0.7 ± 0.0 ^a	0.4 ± 0.0 ^a	9.0 ± 1.1 ^ef	0.01 ± 0.00 ^ab
Spondias pinnata	Young leaves	37.8 ± 1.4 ^d	244.8 ± 35.5 ^a	982.9 ± 37.2 ^e	6.0 ± 0.2 ^a	1.2 ± 0.4 ^abc	2.4 ± 0.4 ^ab	8.1 ± 1.1 ^c	1.4 ± 0.2 ^a	0.02 ± 0.00 ^bc
RDA ¹ and UL ²
Male		700‒(4000)	4700 *	1000‒(2500)	330‒(350) **	1500‒(2300)	8‒(45)	2.3‒(11)	11‒(40)	0.9‒(10)
Female		700‒(4000)	4700 *	1000‒(2500)	255‒(350) **	1500‒(2300)	18‒(45)	1.8‒(11)	8‒(40)	0.9‒(10)
Pregnancy		700‒(3500)	4700 *	1000‒(2500)	290‒(350) **	1500‒(2300)	27‒(45)	2.0‒(11)	11‒(40)	1‒(8)
Lactation		700‒(4000)	5100 *	1000‒(2500)	255‒(350) **	1500‒(2300)	9‒(45)	2.6‒(11)	12‒(40)	1.3‒(8)

^a–i In each column, different letters at the end of each value represent the differences in the mineral content among plant species (Tukey’s HSD test). The species sharing the same letter were not significantly different in their mineral contents. ¹ Recommended dietary allowance in adults aged 19‒50 years (mg/day); ² Tolerable upper intake level in adults aged 19‒50 years (mg/day) [59]. * For the absence of a UL, extra caution may be warranted in consuming levels above the recommended intake. ** The UL for magnesium represents intake from pharmacological agents only and does not include intake from food and water.