ACDF	Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion
AIP	Arc ion plating
ALP	Alkaline phosphatase
AM	Additive manufacturing
APTMS	Anilinopropyltrimethoxysilane
BIC	Bone implant contact
BMP-2	Bone morphogenetic protein-2
CAD	Computer aided design
CAM	Computer aided manufacturing
CF	Carbon fiber
CLSM	Confocal laser scanning microscopy
CNF	Carbon nanofiber
CNT	Carbon nanotube
COL1	Collagen type 1
CS	Calcium silicate
CT	Computed tomography
ECM	Extracellular matrix
FDM	Fused deposition modeling
FFF	Fused filament fabrication
GO	Graphene oxide
HA	Hydroxyapatite
HDPE	High-density polyethylene
hMSC	Human mesenchymal stem cell
HPEEK	Heat-treated PEEK
IBAD	Ion beam assisted deposition
IPD	Ionic plasma deposition
MC3T3-E1	Murine pre-osteoblastic cell
MG63	Human osteoblast-like osteosarcoma cell
mHA	Hydroxyapatite microparticle
MTT	[3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide]
MWNT	Multiwalled carbon nanotube
nHA	Nanohydroxyapatite
NP	Nanoparticle
OPN	Osteopontin
PAN	Polyacrylonitrile
PBS	Phosphate-buffered saline
PEEK	Polyetheretherketone
PIII	Plasma immersion ion implantation
PGA	Polyglycolic acid
PLIF	Posterior lumbar interbody fusion
PSI	Patient specific implant
PVA	Polyvinyl alcohol
ROS	Reactive oxygen species
SBF	Simulated body fluid
SCF	Short carbon fiber
SHPEEK	Sulfonated PEEK
SLS	Selective laser sintering
SWNT	Single walled carbon nanotube
UHMWPE	Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene
UV	Ultraviolet
VGCNF	Vapor grown carbon nanofiber
VPS	Vacuum plasma spraying
WST-1	2-(4-iodophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-(2,4-disulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium
YSZ	Yttria-stabilized zirconia