| ATP | adenosine 5’-triphosphate |
| AGG | aggrecan |
| ALP | alkaline phosphatase |
| COMP | cartilage oligomeric matrix protein |
| COL1A1 | collagen type I alpha 1 chain |
| COL2A1 | collagen type II alpha 1 |
| COL10A1 | collagen type X alpha 1 |
| d | days |
| DMEM | Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium |
| EEF1A1 | eukaryotic elongation factor 1α |
| FBS | fetal bovine serum |
| h | hours |
| min | minutes |
| hMSCs | human mesenchymal stromal cells |
| OECD | Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development |
| OC | osteocalcin |
| PS | penicillin/streptomycin |
| PBS | phosphate-buffered saline |
| SOX9 | sex-determining region Y-box 9 |
| TXA | tranexamic acid |