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. 2020 Nov 20;14(12):16414–16445. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.0c07638

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© 2020 American Chemical Society

This is an open access article published under a Creative Commons Non-Commercial No Derivative Works (CC-BY-NC-ND) Attribution License, which permits copying and redistribution of the article, and creation of adaptations, all for non-commercial purposes.

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(a) Photothermal correlation spectroscopy of 80 nm gold nanoparticles in 1:1 water/glycerol mixture. A comparison between the forward (FW) and backward (BW) detection modes: compared to the forward detection mode, an additional fast component appears in the backward detection mode. The fast component arises from the frequent changes of phase of the signal due to random variations of the distance between the scattering thermal lens and the reflection on the liquid–glass interface taken as reference. The inset shows the photothermal time traces in both detection modes. In the forward detection modes, negative signals arise in addition to positive signals. Adapted from ref (40). Copyright 2009 American Chemical Society. (b) Photothermal time traces of twin-focus photothermal correlation spectroscopy of diffusing gold nanoparticles. The positive and negative photothermal signals come from positive and negative parts of the phase-sensitive photothermal detection volume. Measurements were performed in the forward detection mode. Adapted with permission from ref (102). Copyright 2013 RSC Publishing.