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. 2020 Nov 30;11(12):1065. doi: 10.3390/mi11121065

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Steps involved in nanoparticle formation through micro-electric discharge machine (ESDM). (a) Molecular polarization and formation of a low-resistance channel. (b) Ionization and emission of electrons from the cathode. (c) Metal melt and vaporization. (d) Suspension of particles.