Table 1.

Preparation parameters.

Experimental Parameter	Values
Ton–Toff	30–300, 50–300 us
Discharge time	2 min
Electrode	99.99% bismuth rods with diameter 3.175 mm and length 100 mm
Temperature	25 °C (room temperature)
Atmospheric pressure	1 atm
Dielectric fluid	200 mL deionized water
Ki, Kp, Kd	3.622, 74.2724, 0.018846; 3.622, 74.2724, 74.2724; 0.5, 0.05, 0.05